A foreign state will or will not be recog nized by the court according as it is or is not recognized by the executive department; In re Baiz, 135 U. S. 403, 10 Sup. Ct. 854, 34 L. Ed. 222. Judicial notice will be taken of the existence of war between Great Brit ain and a foreign state; 3 M. & S. 67. That the existence of war is a matter of judicial determination, see [1902] A. C. 109; Dicey, Const. 509 ; 18 L. Q. R. 156.
Domestic Political Orgatvization, Bounda ries, Capitals, etc. Judicial notice will be taken of the boundaries of the several states and judicial districts; Brown v. Piper, 91 U. S. 37, 23 L. Ed. 200 ; of the territorial ex tent and sovereignty exercised de facto by their own government ; Jones v. U. S., 137 U. S. 214, 11 Sup. Ct. 80, 34 L. Ed. 691; that the districts into which the United States are divided for revenue purposes have de fined geographical boundaries ; U. S. v. Jack son, 104 U. S. 41, 26 L. Ed. 651; by a state court of the local political divisions of its Own state into counties, cities and the like; Winnipiseogee Lake Co. v. Young, 40 N. H. 420; Goodwin v. Appleton, 22 Me. 453 ; of their relative positions, but not of their boundaries, further than as described in pub lic statutes ; Indianapolis & C. R. R. Co. v. Stephens, 28 Ind. 429; Gilbert v. Power & Mfg. Co., 19 Ia. 319.
Domestic Officials, Their Identity and Au thority, and Genuineness of Official Dpcu ments. Judicial notice will be taken of the accession of the chief executive of the na tion, and of their own state or territory, his powers and privileges ; Lindsey v. Attorney General, 33 Miss. 508 ; State v. Williams, 5 Wis. 308, 68 Am. Dec. 65 ; State v. Boyd, 34 Neb. 435, 51 N. W. 969 ; and the genuineness of his signature ; Jones v. Gale's Curatrix, 4 Mart. 0. S. (La.) 635; the heads of de partments and principal officers of state ; Brown v.' Piper, 91 U. S. 37, 23 L. Ed. 200; and the public seal; Den v. Vreelandt, 7 N. J. L. 352, 11 Am. Dec. 551; Delafield v, Hand, 3 Johns. (N. Y.) 310; the election and resignation of a senator of the United States, or the appointment of a cabinet or foreign minister ; Brown v. Piper, 91 U. S. 37, 23 L. Ed. 200 ; marshals and sheriffs; Ingram v. State, 27 Ala. 17 ; Martin v. C. Aultman & Co., 80 Wis. 150, 49 N. W. 749 ; and the genu ineness of their signatures; Wood v. Fitz, 10 Mart. 0. S. (La.) 196; of the law regulating an officer's fee; Benson v. Christian, 129 hid.
535, 29 N. E. 26 (but not their deputies ; State Bank v. Curran, 10 Ark. 142) ; number of members of the legislature ; State v. Mason, 155 Mo. 486, 55 S. W. 636 ; of the incumben cy of the acting commissioner of patents ; York & M. R. Co. Y. Winans, 17 How. (U. S.) 31, 15 L. Ed. 27.
Official Acts, Elections, Census, Legislative Proceedings, etc. The supreme court, on ap peal from the circuit court, takes judicial notice of the days of general public elec tions of members of the legislature, and of members of the constitutional convention of a state, as well as of the' time of the com mencement of its sitting, and the date when its acts take effect ; Mills v. Green, 159 U. S. 651, 16 Sup. Ct. 132, 40 L. Ed. 293. Courts take judicial notice that primary elections are an essential part of our political system; State v. Hirsch, 125 Ind. 207, 24 N. E. 1062, 9 L. R. A. 170; of public proclamation of war and peace and special days of fast and thanksgiving ; Sasscer v. Bank, 4 Md. 409; Wells v. R. Co., 110 Mo. 286, 19 S. W. 530, 15 L. R. A. 847 ; see Coeur d'Alene Consol. & Min. Co. -v. Miners' Union of Wardner, 51 Fed. 260, 19 L. R. A. 382 ; of the public proc lamations of pardon and amnesty ; Jenkins v. Collard, 145 U. S. 546, 12 Sup. Ct. 868, 36 L. Ed. 812; of the sittings of congress and also of their own state and territorial legis latures and their established and usual course of proceeding, and the privileges of the members, but not the transactions on the journals ; Armstrong v. U. S., 13 Wall. (U. S.) 154, 20 L. Ed. 614; Gnob v. Cushman, 45 Ill. 119; Auditor v. Haycraft, 14 Bush (Ky.) 284; contra (as to the journals) ; Moody V. State, 48 Ala. 115, 17 Am. Rep. 28 ; People v. Mahaney, 13 Mich. 481; Worcester Nat. Bank v. Cheney, 94 Ill. 430 ; State •v. Cunningham, 81 Wis. 440, 51 N. W. 724, 15 L. R. A. 561; and of the length of time ordinarily required to complete an enumeration of the inhab itants of a state ; People v. Rice, 135 N. Y. 473, 31 N. E. 921, 16 L. R. A. 836 ; and of the census ; Sprague Cigar Co. & Wing Cigar Co. v. Cigar Co., 155 0. G. 1041 (U. S. Pat ent Office). The English courts have refused to take notice of journals of the house of commons,; Hob. 109; but they take notice of the privileges of the house ; 9 Ad. & E. 107 ; 3 P. & D. 330 ; and of its standing or ders ; L. R. 2 Eq. 364.