The conclusion should be to the country when the replication denies the whole of the defendant's plea containing matter of fact; Walker v. Johnson, 2 McLean, 92 Fed. Cas. No. 17,074 ; Hartwell v. Hemmenway, 7 Pick. (Mass.) 117; Bindon v. Robinson, 1 Johns. (N. Y.) 516 ; as well where the plea is to the jurisdiction ; 1 Chitty, Pl. 385 ; as in bar ; 1 Chitty, Pl. 554 ; but with a verification when new matter is introduced ; 1 Saund. 103, n. ; Hampshire Manufacturers Bank v. Billings, 17 Pick. (Mass.) 87 ; Hallett v. Sli dell, 11 Johns. (N. Y.) 56. The conclusions in particular cases are stated in 1 Chitty, Pl. 615 ; Com. Dig. Pleader (F 5). See 1 Saund. 103, n.; Bindon v. Robinson, 1 Johns. (N. Y.) 516 ; Archb. Civ. Pl. 258 ; 19 Viner, Bac. Abr. Trespass (I 4).
As to the qualities of a replication. It must be responsive to the defendant's plea ; Cannon v. State, 17 Ark. 365 ; Jones v. Hays, 4 McLean, 521, Fed. Cas. No. 7,467 ; answer ing all which it professes to answer ; State Bank v. Sherrill, 12 Ark. 183 ; Whitehurst v. Boyd, 8 Ala. 375 ; and if bad in part, is bad altogether ; 1 Saund. 338; Marsteller v. M'Clean, 7 Cra. (U. S.) 156, 3 L. Ed, 300;
Williams v. Moore, 32 Ala. 506; directly; 10 East 205; see Conard v. Dowling, 7 Blackf. (Ind.) 481; without departing from the alle gations of the declaration in any material matter ; Burk v. Huber, 2 Watts (Pa.) 306 ; Breck v. Blanchard, 22 N. H. 303 ; see DE PARTURE; with certainty; Seeley v. Thomas, 6 Fla. 25; see CERTAINTY; and without du plicity; Hereford v. Crow, 3 Scam. (Ill.) 423; Downer v. Rowell, 26 Vt. 397 ; Ames v. West, 4 Wend. (N. Y.) 211; see DUPLICITY. Al though the replication is a departure from the complaint, yet the defendant cannot avail himself of such a defect in a court of error, where he did not raise the question by de murrer or by motion, but went to trial upon the issues as made up ; Ankeny v. Clark, 148 U. S. 345, 13 Sup. Ct. 617, 37 L. Ed. 475.
An objection that replications were not filed to the defendant's pleas when the trial commenced, nor before judgment with leave of court, comes to late if made after entry of judgment ; J. S. Keator Lumber Co. v. Thompson, 144 U. S. 434, 12 Sup. Ct. 669, 36 L. Ed. 495.
See OPENING AND CLOSING; RIGHT TO BEGIN; BURDEN OF PROOF.