Equity will interfere with the use of names; 1. Where the effort is to get an un fair and fraudulent share of another's busi ness; 2. Where the effect of defendant's ac tion, irrespective of his intent, is to produce confusion in the public mind and loss to the plaintiff; Suburban Press v. Pub. Co., 227 Pa. 148, 75 Atl. 1037, where "Philadelphia Suburban Life" was enjoined at the suit of the owner of "Suburban Life," to which it bore a striking resemblance in style, size, etc.
The Philadelphia Trust, Safe Deposit & Insurance Company, by usage co mmonly spoken of as the Philadelphia Trust Com pany, and doing a large business in Philadel phia, Delaware and other states, obtained an injunction against the Philadelphia Trust Company in the circuit court, distri2t of Delaware, prohibiting the use of that name; Philadelphia T., S. D. & I. Co. v. Trust Co., 123 Fed. and so did "The Benevo'ent and Protective Order of Elks" against "The Improved Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks," enjoining the use of that name and of similar society cards, etc.; B. & P. 0. E. v. Elks, 60 Misc. Rep. 223, 111 N. Y. Supp. 1067. But "American Wine Company" can not be appropriated as a trade-name; and the imitation is not unfair trade unless used fraudulently to deceive the public ; Amer;cm Wine Co. v. Kohlman, 158 Fed. '830. And it has been held that a municipal corporation has not a right to the exclusive use of is name, at least that an injunction will not be granted to restrain a railroad company from giving the same name to a new station; Gulf & S.• I. R. Co. v. Seminary, 81 Miss. 237, 32 South. 933.
The names of hotels and stores are pro tected; L. R. 13 Ch. D. 512 ; Howard v. Hen riques. 3 Sandf. (N. Y.) 725: as, the "Me chanic's Store," against "Mechanical Store"; Weinstock L. & Co. v. Marks, 109 Cal. 529, 42 Pac. 142, 30 L. R. A. 182, 50 Am. St. Rep. 57.
In the following the titles of newspapers and periodicals have been protected (the name in italics being held to infringe): Ha gerstown Almanac—Hagerstowri Town and Country Almanac; Robertson v. Berry, al Md. 591, 33 Am. Rep. 328; The Real John Bull—The Old Real John Bull; Cox, Man. 33; Minnie—Mingie Dale and Minnie Dear Minnie; 2 K. & J. 123 ; 8 De G. M. & G. 1; Payson, Dunton & Scribner's National Sys tem of Penman'ship—Independent Nation al System of Penmanship; Potter v. Mc
Pherson, 21 Hun (N. Y.) 559; Our Your g Folks—Our Young Folks' Matra ed Paper; Osgood v. Allen, Fed. Cas. No. 10,603 ; Birth day Scripture Textbook—The Children's Birthday Textbook; L. R. 14 Eq. 431; Chat terbox—Chatterbook; Estes v. Worthington, 31 Fed. 154 ; Estes v. Leslie, 27 Fed. 22 ; The United States Investor—The Investor; In vestor Pub. Co. v. Dobinson. 72 Fed. 603 ; Social Register—Howard's Social Register; Social Register Ass'n v. Hoc% ard, 60 Fed. 270 ; Good Things of Life—Spice of Life; Stokes v. Allen, 2 N. Y. Supp. 643 ; Bell's Life in London and Sporting Chronicle—Pen ny Bell's Life and Sporting News; 1 Giff. 98; The National Police Gazette—The Unit ed States Police Gazette; Matsell v. Flana gan, 2 Abb. Pi. N. S. (N. Y.) 459 ; The Times —Times; 25 Sol. Jour. 742.
Protection has been refused in the follow ing cases (the name in italics being held not to infringe): Old Sleuth Library—New York Detective Library; Munro v. Tousey, 129 N. Y. 38, 29 N. E. 9, 14 L. R. A. 245 ; Id., 129 N. Y. 619, 29 N. E. 10, reversing Munroe v. Tou sey, 59 Hun, 622, 13 N. Y. Supp. 79 ; Electric World—Electric Age; W. J. Johnston Co. v. Pub. Co., 60 Hun 578,14 N. Y. Supp. 803 ; Good Things of Life—The Spice of Life; Stokes v. Allen, 56 Hun 526, 9 N. Y. Supp. 846 ; The New North West—The Northwest News; Duni way Pub. Co. v. Pub. Co., 11 Ore. 322, 8 Pac. 283; Republican New Era—New Era; Bell v. Locke, 8 Paige (N. Y.) 75, 34 Am. Dec. 371; Splendid Misery or East End and West End, by C. H. Hazlewood—Splendid Misery, by the author of Lady Audley's Secret, Vixen, etc., Published as a serial in periodicals; 18 Ch. D. 76 ; Mail—Morning Mail; 54 L. J. Ch. 1059 ; Morning Post—Evening Post; 37 Ch. D. 449 ; The Canadian Bookseller—The Can ada Boolcseller and Stationer; 27 Ont. 325; Punch—Punch and Judy; 39 L. J. Ch. 57 ; The American Grocer—The Grocer; Ameri can Grocer Pub. Ass'n v. Pub. Co., 51 How. Pr. (N. Y.) 402 ; Monthly Magazine of Fic tion—Cassell's Magazine of Fiction and Pop ular Literature; 29 T. L. R..272.
Where the title of a book shows that it is adopted for unfair competition with an other work, though the conflicting titles are not identical, it will be restrained ; Harper v. Holman, 84 Fed. 224.