In some of the most improved gaining-machinery the reciprocating motion of the cutters is at the same speed back and forth across the timber, so that cutting can be from either side or both, as desired. In others the table has stops—sometimes as many as 12 in number— which arc set to locate the position of the gains lengthwise of the timber ; and the depth to which the cutters act is determined by movable stops in the front saddle on which the spin dle is carried, so that, when the machine is once set for a particular kind of work, no laying out is required for dnplicaf ion. In others, again, there is a boring attachment, having both horizontal and vertical movement, and a radial adjustment by which angular holes may be bored.
The Bentel & .ilfargedant Gainitmv-lfachimm.es.—In the automat ic traverse gaining-machine, made by the Bentel & i\Iargedant Co., for cross-gaining, square, angular, and double-angular gaining, a special point is the arrangement for feeding the cutter-head and carriage across the table, either by hand or by power feed. The machine bears a horizontal mandrel across its front face, a cutter-head to the right, and a table in front. By pressing a lever at the top, either to the right or to the left, the cutter-head is made to move across the table with long or short stroke, as desired, by power: or the same motion may be more slowly imparted by operating a hand-wheel in front of the cutter-head mandrel. A horizontal gang-gaining or grooving machine made by the same firm, and brought out during the spring of 1892, is in tended for cutting a number of grooves or gains at once. There is a long horizontal mandrel, bearing a number of heads which are adjustable in their distance apart. The material is clamped and held securely on the table which moves across the machine under the cutter heads. It has both power and hand feed. Its use is specially appropriate for making, filing cases, desks, and similar work. It takes in work up to 8 ft. 2 in. long and 24 in. wide.
Time Berry cf. Orton Gaining-Machine.—A machine which is a combination of a cross gainer and grooving machine. and a three-spindle vertical boring-machine, is made by Berry & Orton. It has a carriage or table as long as the longest timbers to be worked, mounted on roll stands so as to be readily and rapidly moved by power or hand; and this has right and left traverse in front of two columns, one of which, to the left, bears the vertical boring,-spindles, and the other, to the right, the cross-gaining head. The carriage has the same stops and bolsters as are mentioned in connection with the gaining-machine; and the three spindles of the boring-machine have both vertical and horizontal adjustment, and are brought to their work by counter-balanced levers. The object of this machine is to save handling by doing
all the operations of gaining, grooving, and boring of a piece of timber when once in position on the table.
The Fay Groover-Ilead.—A very desirable addition to grooving-machines is the solid ex pansion groover-head, shown in Fig. 1, and which is arranged so that without removing or changing the cutters they will extend to double their width.
There are two disks, having a distance-washer between them, and each bearing a toothed scor ing-bit on each side. There are also in each disk slots which re ceive the edges of gaining-bits having the minimum width which it is desired to gain with the head. For gaining this min imum width each of the gain ing-bits is held by both the disks ; but for increasing the width the disks are placed far ther apart. so that each bit is held by only one edge, in only one disk.
The Hoyt Oroorei-Ifead.—An expansion-gaining or grooving-liead, made by Hoyt & Bro., consists of a hub having two radial projections, on each of which there is bolted a tool holder, each tool-holder bearing two tools, one of which is parallel to the radial projections from the hub, and the other at a desirable angle thereto. By set-serews these tools may lie set in and out so as to cut to a greater or less width.
In the use of the gaining-machine it must be remembered that one head will do for all work when the width of the gains exceeds that of the cutters ; although, of course, where there are many gains to be cut of a width greater than any cutter on hand, it may be best to use wider cutters in order to save the dine of the machine. This is a commercial question, the solution of which must be effected On the ground and with full knowledge of the condi tions: but it is well to remember that the machine lends itself to either way of working. One piece of work to which the gaining-machine is spaec•ially well adapted is in the prepara tion of hatch-gratings, or other• light work of that character, where a number of pieces can be done at once and with accuracy. so that they will tit together• in erecting.
Gap-Lathe: sec Lathes, Metal-Working.
has-Engines; see Engines, Gas. Gas. Fuel see this-producers, Gas-Furnace: see Furnaces, Gas. Gas-Generator: see :Mild Navigation. Gas-Pressure Regulator: see Regulators.
Gaskets. Packing: see Packing.