HEATERS. FEED-WATER. The National Feed-Water Healer is shown in Fig. 1. It consists of a coil or series of coils of seamless drawn brass or copper tubes contained in an iron shell.
The Otis Heater is shown in Fig. 2. The exhaust steam enters the heater at the top, as shown in the cut, passes down one section of tubes into the enlarged space of the water and oil catcher, where the water of condensation and oil is separated. and the exhaust steam then passes up through the other section of tubes, thus passing twice through the entire length of the heater and heating the feed water. The exhaust steam can then be used for other purposes or exhausted into the at mosphere. The water enters the heater near the bottom, and passing upward in contact with the heated tubes, gradually becomes thoroughly heated, and is discharged as near the top as practicable, so as to avoid carrying the scum that is on the surface of the water into the boiler.
The Cochrane Feed-Water Heater and Purifier is shown in Fig. 3. Each side is formed of one or more ribbed plates, which are bolted together at the flanges, and the corners and joints are packed with cement and rusted tight. The top and the bottom is each a single piece. Inside of the heater, and covering the steam inlet, is attached a separator, within which the oil is collected from the steam and con veyed away by a drip-pipe. The upper portion of the heater contains separate trays, which are inclined, and have several small ribs on each to distribute the water and retain solid substances. Opposite the sep arator. and it little below it. is a trough, connected by an overflow-pipe with the blow-off. Covering the outlet to the pump, and extending down toward the M bottom, is a hood, which is open at its under edge T only. Connecting the apex of this hood with the space above the water-bite is a vapor-pipe. which serves to vent any gases liberated under the hood, and to prevent the water being so siphoned that the sur face and any floating scum could pass under the edge of the hood.
The Homes Feed-Water Purifier, shown in Pig. 4. is connected with the boiler by a pipe A, and the exit or gravity pipe D. A blow-off pipe is also connected with the purifier at C. The feed-pipe from the pump or boiler-feed is attached at B, and the water is distributed into the upper pans through the pipes leading into each pan. These pipes extend below the water-level of the pans and form a water-seal, which prevents the steam from getting into the feed-pipe and causing a water-rant. When the pan is filled the water flows over
the sides a thin, uniform sheet along the bottom until it reaches the cen ter, when it falls into the pan below, and so on over each successive pan until it reaches the bottom of the shell, from which it passes through the pipe 11 into the boiler. The water is heated to the boiler temperature, and parts with the scale-making substances it contains, the greater part of which adheres to the under side of the pans. While the purifier is in operation the pans remain full of water and afford settling-chambers for the heavier solids, sneh as mud, sand, etc., while the carbonates, sulphates, silica. and other hard scale-making substances adhere to their under sides. The Gaubert Irater-Tube Feed-Water limier is shown in Fig. 5. It is essentially composed of two cast-iron water-chambers connected by a clus ter of seamless drawn-brass tubes, rigidly secured at their ends to the tube-plates. The upper water chamber is free to move vertically as the tubes ex pand or contract. The tubes are surrounded by cast-iron shell provided with inlet and outlet noz zles, which are connected to the exhaust-pipes.
The water inlet and outlet pipes are made to pro ject inside of the water-chatnbers and opposite them ;LIT placed dish-shaped deflectors, the pur pose of which is to deflect the current and thereby promote the separation of scum and sediment..
The Wainwright Heater is shown in Fig. G.
The exhaust steam enters at the rliening D in I he base, passing through corrugated tubes and out at the top through r. The water enters at the feed-opening A, passing up and around the tubes and out through ' B. The settling-ehamber in the base is cenneeted with the space in the shell. Th.• blow-off opening in the settling-ehamber the sediment which may have collected to be blown mit in the bottom of the exhaust nozzle of the base.
Heat intc-Firrnace : see Furnaees, Puddling and Heating.
i orkor : see Leather-Working Machinery.
High Duty Attachment : see Pumps, Reciprocating.
High Grinding : see Milling-Machines, Grain.
Mils', Air : see Air-Hoist.
Hoisting-Engine : see Engines, Steam Stationary Reciprocating.
Hoop Coiler-Driver : see Barml-Making Machines.
Horse-Power of Boilers : see Boilers, Steam.