I. HORIZONTAL TENONING 'MACHINES.- The Fay Tenoning Machines.—In older forms of tenoning machines the stick is placed parallel with the axes of the cutters, and there are two mandrels, one working the material away from the upper, and the other from the lower, surface of the stick ; each set of cutters working from one side to the other of the piece. In one machine for heavy work, the frame carrying the cutters traverses across the stick ; in another, for light work, the cutters have no traverse, and the stick or other piece to be tenoned is moved at right angles to the cutter mandrels and to the plane contain ing them. Such a machine can make only single tenons. In the one shown in Fig. 1, the same features are preserved, of two parallel mandrels, one above the other, and each bearing cutters which work their way through the material from one side to the other ; but for double tenoning the material is cut away from the tenon left by the other cutters, by a separate cutter-head rotating on a vertical axis. The vertical position of this cutter-head may be varied to suit the thickness of tenon. In this machine the work is fed across the cutters, the table having friction rollers running on planed ways, arranged to retain the table and keep it at a constant right line with the line of the heads. There are steps and gauges which can be set to suit pieces of various lengths, and an adjustable fence and road for hold ing the timbers in position. The heads have an adjustment for ma-king the shoulder per fectly square, or out of square, as desired. This machine is for car work.
A development of this machine, shown in Fig. 2, is called a gap-tenoning machine, and has the peculiarity that its frame, between the table and the standard bearing the cutte• heads, has a deep gap for the passage of timbers endwise between the cutter-heads. By the application of a gaining head on the top spindle, it will do over-gaining ; and by placing a gainer on the lower spindle will do under-gaining on the ends. By taking off the lower cutter-head and putting on a circular saw it will do heavy cutting off. In this
machine the carriage is self-acting, being driven by a screw worked by friction gears, the pressure of a lever causing it to travel in either direction or stopping it. For short work the power feed may be disengaged so that the teed may be by hand.
The .Rogers Tenoning Machine.—Fig. 3, a car tenoning and gaining machine, made by C. B. Rogers & Co. for the heaviest class of work, and brought out within the past two years, is of the class taking in the timber horizontally and cutting tenons upon its ends by rotating cutters, the timber being fed cross-wise. The lower head can be run below the carriage so that the upper head can be used for cutting relishes upon the end of the timber ; the upper head, which is also on a horizontal axis, can be raised, and the lower one used for the same purpose, if desired. There is a third head, which is upon a vertical axis, carrying a throating cutter for making double tenons. In working with this machine, the, timber is placed on the carriage, which moves on rollers, and is passed between the tenoning heads, thus cutting one thick tenon ; it then goes on, and is brought into contact with the cutter-head upon the vertical shaft, which passes through the center, taking out a space according to the thickness of cutter used, which completes the double tenon. There is a special attachment, independ ent of the tenoning part of the machine, for cutting gains, operating upon the under side of the timber, which is placed on the carriage and passed over the head. There is used an expanding head, that will cut from W to 3 in. deep and from 2 to 4 in. wide. The countershaft that drives the vertical shaft and the gaining bead is a part of the machine. When it is used as a gaining machine, it is worked from the back ; when used as a tenoning machine, from the front ; when it is being used as a gaining machine, the tenoning part is made idle simply by casting off the belt ; and the same way with the gainer head when the tenoner is in use.