PACKING. Corrugated Copper Gaskets, shown in Fig. 1. are now used for packing pipe joints. They are made of thin sheet-copper, stamped with concentric corrugations, which on compression flatten out and produce a complete metal union. They are not impaired by heat or cold, and can not blow out. From 3 to 6 eorru gations inside the bolt circle is ample to insure a permanent joint. They are male in any desired shape. Many varieties of packings for joints are now in the market. made of paper, rubber, cotton, asbestos, graphite, or combinations of these and other materials. Some of these are of compositions which are kept trade secrets, and they are known in the market by arbitrary names, such as Vulcanized Fibre. VIII eabeston, Usialnrian, etc., or by the names of the makers, as Jenkins' Packing, etc.
Tripp's Metallic Packing is shown in Figs. 2 and 3.
It consists of matched sections, which are held against the rod Ly circular springs which grasp the sections. In Fig. 2 the light color shows babbitt metal and the dark color brass composition. Fig. 3, and the sectional view on the right of Fig. 2, shows the application of the 'lacking to an engine.
Mitchell's Metallic Packing is shown in Fig. 4. It consists of metal and elastic alternated. The met al rings are of trian gular section, and compression of t h c round elastic rings on their beveled sides forces them inward against the rod. The it showing a packed rod shows three elastic rings with four metal rings. The metal rings are made in half sections, divided by a brass space ring. They are put in so as to shown in Fig. 5. It C013 sists of rings of granu lated metal inclosed in a cotton tube, alternat ing with soft metal rings. When applied, the granulated coils are firmly packed in place, and hammered down solid and even all around the rod, thus adjusting themselves to both rod and box.
heals' Minnie Parkingissliown in Fig. 6. It is made of babbitt and ether anti-friction metals. The packing consistsof four segment=.
placed in position in the form of a cylindrical shell about the rod, and beveled off at each end. Two of the segments are wedge-shaped, with the base resting against the rod. There are one or more recesses or grooves on the inside of each segment, which, when joined together, form a complete chamber around the rod. This chamber is for lubricating purposes, and, when filled with oil and condensed steam. reduces the bearing of the metal to a minimum. This peculiar construction enables the packing to readily adjust itself to the variations of the rod and remain tight, and also to follow its wearing surfaces, and when there is any, to take up its own wear. The metal is kept in position by elastic rings. In the bottom of the stuffing-box two or more of these rings are placed. one of which is larger than the other, to fit the bevel of the packing. In making the adjustment, these rings are first put in position : then the packing, with its interior cavity filled with lubricant, is placed around the rod and pushed down into the stuffing-box. Then two more rings are fitted to the opposite end of the metal. and pressed into the box. The gland is then screwed down into position. These rings do not touch the rod or stem, but only serve to retain the segments of metal in position when once fitted. and to yield in case of any slight deviation of the rod from a straight line. Referring to Fig. 6. 1 is the packing and stuffing-box complete : 2. sectional view. showing- condensing chamber G; 3, Wedge-shape segment of seine : 4. End-view of packing on piston A. A A. Piston rod. B, Stuffing-box. U, Gland. 1) D, Metallic packing complete. E E E E. Elastic rings. G, Condensing or lubricating chamber.
Garlock's Packing is shown in three forms in Figs. 7, 8, and 9, known as the elastic ring, the sectional ring, and the spiral packing, respectively. It is a combination of rubber and cotton, woven together as shown, and filled with finely divided graphite.