of female antenna=; d, joints of female abdomen, magnified, to bring out their pecular markings. The Spring Canker-worm (A. vernata) is repre sented by the cut as shown below, male and female, and also the larva or caterpillar; a, shows the eggs natural size; b, eggs magnified; c, cater pillar; d, cocoon of the worm while passing to the chrysalis state; e, chrysalis of male; f, male moth (winged); g, female (wingless). In relation to means of extermination, the Spring Canker worm (A. vernata), with its chrysalis in a simple earthen cell, is severely injured and often killed, by late fall plowing. The Fall Canker-worm will not be injured severely by plowing, since the cocoon is thick, yielding, and interwoven with particles of earth. Many plans for preventing the ravages of the larym on orchard trees are adopted, among which, casing the trees with bands and circles of tin, tightly attached to the trees, and flaring from it. This is smeared with petroleum or castor-oil, or a mixture of both, which causes the worms to drop to the ground as soon as they touch it. It is evident that any means that will prevent the wingless females from climbing the trees will protect; yet,' except In the case of fern trees, the expense has caused this means to be abandoned. In relation to reme dies, Dr. Thomas says: Like most other cater pillar foes, birds and predaceous ground-beetles help man in keeping them in check. Of the artificial means that have been from time to time recommended, the following seems to be the most desirable, as embracing simplicity with lightness of expense: First. To prevent the fe males from ascending the trees to deposit their eggs, a band of coarse cloth, six inches or more wide, may be put around the tree, and then smeared with tar or a mixture of tar and molasses.
Second. A hay rope may be put around the tree, and over this a ring of tin, wide enough, so that there will be free tin below the rope, and the whole securely fastened, being careful that there are no crevices between the tin and the tree through which the insects may pass. The tin should be smeared on the inside with a mixture of castor-oil and kerosene. In both these cases, the moths will lay their eggs below the bands if prevented from going above them. To insure success, these should be sought and killed, as if allowed to hatch, it will be much more difficult to keep them from ascending the trees than it was the moths. Third. When the worms are al ready in the trees, and if the trees are not too large, a sudden jarring will cause them to be detached from the leaves or twigs, and hang sus pended, when they may be swept down by pass ing a switch between them and their support, and they may be destroyed. Fourth. Washes of Paris green and other substances may be resort ed to when they are in the tree, but it is probable that where the tree is small enough to make the application of washes practicable, a few times jarring will answer the same purpose. Fifth. If the worms have entered the ground and chang ed to chrysalides, fall plowing will, if the ground be mellow, break up their slender cocoons, and expose them to the action of the weather, which, with the birds, will destroy most of them. In extensive orchards, jarring and catching the worms with a hay wisp fastened to a pole, and passed between the branches and ground as they drop and hang by their fine spur filaments, is effective, more so is showering the trees with a mixture of Paris green, or London purple, and water; the latter in about the proportion as used for the Colorado Potatoe-beetle.