Q. imbricaria. Shingle Oak. Eastern United States. A medium-sized tree, reaching to fifty or sixty feet high, and with a diameter of one and one-half to two feet. It grows principally, In open situations, from New Jersey to Illi nois and southward. Its foliage is handsome, resembling that of the Laurel. The wood is coarse-grained and not durable.
Q. aquatints. Water Oak. Southern States. A middle sized tree, of the Southern States, growing on the borders of swamps: The leaves are perennial, of variable form, but always broadest at the upper portion and tapering to a point at the base.
Q. lanrifolia. Water Oak. Southern States.
Q. nigra. Black Jack. Eastern United States. A small, scrutby tree, growing usually in poor clay soil. It is found in New Jersey, Maryland, and southward, as also in some of the Western States. The wood furnishes a good fuel, but is too coarse-grained and perishable for any use in the arts.
Q. fatcata. Spanish Oak. Eastern United States. A large tree, attaining eighty feet or more in height, and sometimes fonr f-et in diameter. It has about the same range as the Black Jack, not being found in New England nor in the northern part of the Western States. The wood is not valuable except for fuel.
Q. Critesbtet. Turkey flak. Southern States. A small tree, with foliage much like the preceding It is found in Florida. Georgia, North and South Carolina. The wood ie good fuel, but'of uo value as timber.
Q. ruba. Red Oak. Eastern United States, This is one of the largest oaks of our country, and is diffused over all the eastern portion of the United States, but more especially to the northward. Jt is a beautiful tree, with reddish, coarse-grained wood, which is little need in the arts except for barrel staves.
Q. coccinea. Scarlet Oak. Eastern United States. The Scarlet and Quercitron Oaks do not differ much in their characters, and, indeed, are considered but as varieties of one species. They form large and handsome trees, and the hark furnishes a yellow dy_'+ which is used in the arts tinetoria. Quercitronl Eastern United States. . palustris. Pin O.A. Eastern United States. A somewhat smaller tree than the preceding. The leaves are small, smooth, of a pleasant green color, very similar to those of the Scarlet Oak. nu• wood is stronger and more durable than that species. It is limited to the Northern States.
9. Sono nensi8. California Oak. Californi._ This species is nearly related to the Q. ruhra of the Eastern States. It grows in mountainous districts, and forms a pretty large tree.
Q. Wislizenii. California Live Oak. California. A smallish tree f California. with bright green persistent
leave.. -ometimea called Live Oak.
Q. dumosa. Dwarf Oak. California. This is a com mon dwarf oak iu Southern California.
Q. reticulate. Dwarf Oak. Southern Arizona.
Castanea vesca, var. Americana. Gr. American Chest nut. Eastern United States. One of the noblest trees of the American forests. It occurs from Massachusetts to Michigan, and in the mountain districts of Pennsylvania. Vitginia and Tennessee, but not in the prairie regions of the Western States. The wood is strong, elastic and dura ble. and is largely employed in the manufacture of fur niture and for tM inside finish of railroad cars and steam boats. The nuts are very sweet and palatable, and always command a good price in the markets.
C. pumila. Chincapin. Southern States. This may be called a dwarf chestnut, growing from New Jersey and Pennsylvania to Florida. Northward it is only a large shrub, hut iu South Carolina and Florida it becomes a tree of thirty to forty feet high, and twelve to fifteen inches diameter. The wood equals that of the chestnut, hut the nuts. although generally eaten by children, are not com parable to those of the former.
Castanopeis chrysophylla. California Chestnut. Cali fornia. A tree of Oregon and California, becoming sixty to one hundred feet high and two to three feet diameter. The bur is scarcely one-third as large as in the common chestnut, with shorter prickles. The shell of the nut is almost as large as the filbert.
C. chrysophylla, var. pumila. California Chincapin. California. This is mostly a shrub growing on open mountain sides, and is sometimes called California Chin capin.
Magus ferruginea. Beech. Eastern United States. The beech is one of our loftiest trees, sometime. reaching the height of 100 leer. It grows from Canada to tire Gulf of Mexico. It is wanting iu the prairie districts of the West. The wood is hard, fine-grained, and compact. It is largely used for shoe-lasts and handles of tools. It is also employed iu the frame-work of buildings. 7 he wood is in great rr puts as fuel. The nuts have a delicions fla vor, but are too small to make them of much economic importance.
Carpinus Americana. Blue Beech. Eastern United States. A small tree fifteen to twenty feet high. The wood is white, compact, and fine-grained.
Ostrya Virginica. Hop Hornbeam; Iron-wood. Eastern United States. The Iron-wood is a small tree, but some times grows to a height of forty feet. The wood is heavy and fine-grained, and is used tor mallets, wedges, levers, etc. Its growth is very slow.
Corylus rostrata, var. Californica. California.