MEASURES OF WEIGHT.
Weight is the tendency or force with which bodies of 'various density tend to fall toward the earth.
The standard of weights is the cubic inch of distilled water, weighing 252.458 troy grains ; the troy pound 6760 grains, or 22.8157 inches. The same standard of 7,000 troy grains makes the pound avoirdupois, 27.7274 cubic inches : ten of which or 277.274 being the Imperial gallon; a quart 69.32; and a gill, of 6 ounces of water, equal 8.664.
In Troy weight, 29 grains make a pennyweight, (mean ing grains of wheat) 980 an ounce and 5760 a pound. ; or 20 pennyweights an ounce and 12 ounces a pound.
In Apothecaries' weight, twenty grains make a scruple, 60 a drachm ; and then as in troy weight, 480 makes au ounce, and 5,760 a pound. There are 15 ounces to the pound, 8 drachms to an ounce, 3 scruples to a drachm, and 20 grains or drops to a scruple. The drachm is 60 grains. In Avoirdupois weight, 16 drachms make an ounce; 156 a pound; 16 ounces a pound; 112 pounds a hundredweight; and 20 hundredweight or 2,240 pounds, a ton, English. The American ton is 2,000 pounds.
176 pounds troy are equal to 144 pounds avoirdupois; and 175 ounces troy are equal to 192 ounces avoirdupois. 80 ounces avoirdupois are equal to 73 ounces troy, and 14 pounds avoirdupois to 17 troy. A troy pound is 13 ounces 2.65 drams avoirdupois ; and a pound avoirdupois Is 1 pound 2 ounces 11 pennyweights 16 grains troy.
The avoirdupois pound of 7,000 grains is 453.61 French grammes; and the troy pound, 5,160 grains, is 373.14 grammes.
One troy pound-0.622857 Imperial pound.
One Imperial pound-1.215271 pounds troy.
Henry III, enacted that an ounce should be 640 dry grains of wheat; 12 ounces a pound; 8 pounds a gallon of wine; and 8 gallons a London bushel. Latterly the malt liquor measure has been 282 inches to the gallon, and the wine measure 231.
7,000 grains of w ater,thermometer 62 degreesfand barom eter 30 inches, are 1 pound avoirdupois.
The French gramme is 15.434 English grains. i The smaller French weights are in tenths, decreasing, as deci, centi, and milli grammes.
The larger are deco, becato, chilio, and mirio grammes, in tenths, increasing.
The kilo-gramme, or 1,000 grammes is equal to 2 pounds, 2 ounces, 9 grains avoirdupois.
In Greece, a drachma was 2 pennyweights, 16 grains; a mime 1 pound, 1% ounces; a talent 67 pounds, 7 ounces, 6 pennyweights.
The Roman weights were the As, equal to 12 ounces, and the undo an ounce.
The American quintal is 100 pounds.
The Mysore cutcha seer is 9 ounces, 11% drachms.
A bale of Egyptian cotton is 90 pounds, of Brazil 160, of Georgian and Sea Islands 280, Orleans 300, East India 300, West India 350 to 400.
A pack of sheep's wool is 240 pounds.
The livre, or French pound, is 500 grammes, or 7,719 grains English, or 1 pound, 1 1-5 ounce. 10 drachma avoir dupois. The quintal, of 100 kilo-grsmmes, is 22J.486 pounds.
The Bengal mound is 74 pounds, 10 ounces, 10% drachms avoirdupois; the seer 1 pound, 13 ounces, 13.866 drachms; the chattock 1 ounce, 13.366 drachms. The Baza mound is 82 pounds, 2 ounces.
A seam of glass is 24 stone of 5 pounds each.
The weight of a cubic inch of distilled water, in a vacuum is 252.722 grains; and in air is 252.956 grains. The quintal is 1U mirio-grammes, or 2 hundredweight, or 224 pounds, English, nearly.
A sack of wool is 22 stone of 14 pounds, or 308 pounds. In Scotland, it is 24 stone of 16 pounds.
A puck of wool is 17 stone 2 pounds, or a horse A tod of wool is 2 stone of 14 pounds each ; and a sack is 13 tod; 12 sacks is a last, or 4,368 pounds.
50 or 60 pounds is a truss of hay, old or new, and 40 pounds a truss of straw; 36 trusses being a load.
A Spanish quintal is 312 Spanish pounds. The arrobs is 25 Spanish pounds, of 6,544 grains each; and ti arrobas make a quintal.
The, Portuguese arruba contains 32 Lisbon pounds of 7,005 grains.
The Venetian, mirre contains 80 pounds of 4,215 grains. The shippondt of the northern nations is, in Sweden, for copper 320 pounds, of 9211 grains, and for provisions 400 Such pounds. At Riga it is 400 pounds of 6,199 grains. At Hamhurgh 300pounds of 7,315 grains.
100 pounds English is equal to 112% pounds of Russia, to 93 pounds 5 ounces of Hamburgb, and to 132 pounds 11 ounces at Leghorn, and 104 pounds 13 ounces in Port s 7636 rains, D and the troy pound equal to 7,602 grains. The Dutch stone is 16 pounds. The Norway pound is 7,833 grains. The Spanish pound is 7,038 grains. The Chinese kin is 5,802 grains, or 375 two-tenths French grammes.
The Turkish pound is 7,578 grains. The Danish 6,941. The Irish 7,774. The Naples 4,962. The Scot& pound troy 7620.8. The Smyrna pound 6944.
The following table shows the weight, in pounkls, of a cubic foot, of the following substances: