Action Of Tools
Action Of Tools In Drilling, The Striking Action Of The Tools Must Be Likened To The Lash Of A Whip. The Back Lash Or Snap Of The Drilling Cable Drives The Bit Into The Rock And Drills The Hole. The Tools When In The Hole Must Swing Free Of Bottom ...
Avoidable Oil Field Wastes And
Avoidable Oil-field Wastes And Losses In No Industry Perhaps Has There Been Greater Waste Than In The Production Of Oil. The Transportation, Refining And Market Ing Departments Of The Industry Are Highly Standardized, But In Seeking For Oil And In Handling The Oil After It Has Been Found,. There Is ...
Casing Head Gasoline
Casing-head Gasoline The Extraction Of Gasoline From The Vapors From Oil Wells Has Developed Into An Important Business. It Is So Intimately Related To The Oil Industry That A General Treatise On The Petroleum Industry Would Not Be Complete Without Some Mention Of The Casing-head Gasoline Business. Definition Of Casing-head ...
Controlling Wells
Controlling Wells The Test Of A Good Oil Man Is His Ability 'to Bring In A Well" Under Control. Gushers (see Fig. 41, Page 107) Sound Interesting To The General Public, But Are The Bane Of An Oil Man. The Loss Of Pro Duction Resulting From An Uncontrolled Flow Of ...
Depth
Depth Depth Largely Governs The Type Of Drilling Outfit Chosen. Shallow Holes Up To 1500 Ft. In Depth Can Often Be Tested With A Portable Drilling Outfit At Less Expense Than With Heavier Equipment. Above 1500 Ft. It Is Customary To Use Heavy Frames Or Derricks That Are Usually Allowed ...
Determination Of Drilling Method
Determination Of Drilling Method The Determination Of The Drilling Method Is Dependent On Natural Conditions. The Two Main Systems Are: 1. The Standard Cable-tool Or Percussion System. 2. The Rotary System. The Circulator System Is A Modification Of The Standard Cable Tool System. The Combination System Is A Combination Of ...
Development Drilling Continued
Development-drilling Continued Size Of The Hole.—the Idea In Drilling Is To Start With A Large Enough Hole So That When All Reductions Are Made The Completed Hole Will Be Large Enough, Not Only To Produce Oil, But Will Also Give Room To Manipulate Cleaning Out Tools, Bailers And Pump Tubing. ...
Elements Of
Elements Of Valuation—buying Oil Properties It Is An Evident Fact That The Measure Of Success Of Any Oil-pro Ducing Operation Is The Profit Obtained. A Large Producing Com Pany In Making Profits Must Possess: I. An Assured Supply Of Crude Oil. 2. A Refining Capacity. 3. Transportation Facilities. 4. An ...
Finishing Oil Wells California
Finishing Oil Wells (california Practice) When The Drillers Have Carried The Hole Into The Oil Sand Their Main Work Is Done. The Hole Is Now In The Hands Of The Produc Tion Men, Who Are Experts At Handling Wells. In California Two Practices Are Com Mon. The Driller In One ...
Labor On Drilling Wells
Labor On Drilling Wells In No Industry Is The Workingman So Intelligent As In The Oil Business. Most Of The Men Are Of American Descent. They Come From All Parts Of The United States. The Out-of-door Life Has Developed A Rugged Type Of Men Peculiar To The Industry. Oil-field Workers ...
Lands
Lands The Acquisition Of Oil Lands Is An Important Branch Of The Oil Business. These Lands Should First Be Carefully Selected And Then Obtained Either By Purchasing Outright Or By Lease. The Usual Procedure Of Large Companies Is To Send A Geologist Or A Scout Over An Area Called To ...
Lease Men
Lease Men In All Oil Fields The Workmen Have Special Duties. The Well Crew Works On The Wells That Give Trouble. These Men Pull Rods And Pumps, Start Gas Engines, And Do Some Of The General Roust About Work Around A Lease. They Are Usually Daylight Workers. The Pumpers Watch ...
Losses In Storage
Losses In Storage In The Storage Of Petroleum There Are Large Losses. Long Exposure Of Petroleum To The Air Means An Escape Of The Lighter Hydrocarbons. This Wastage Or Loss Is The Main Problem To Be Met And Solved In Any Storage Plan. Losses In Storage Are Clue To: (a) ...
Measurement Of Well Depths
Measurement Of Well Depths Accurate Depths Of Oil Wells Are Obtained In Five Ways, Given In The Order Of Their Importance. 1. Steel-line Measurements. 2. Sand-line Measurements. 3. Cable Measurements. 4. Casing Measurements. 5. (new) Automatic Method. Steel-line Measurements Are Made By A Steel Tape Marked In Feet Like A ...
Oil Field Practice
Oil-field Practice With The Tremendous Development That Has Taken Place In The Petroleum Industry, Now One Of The Largest And Most Impor Tant In The Country, It Is Difficult To Realize That It Is Only Two Years Over Three Score Old. In 1859 Edwin Drake Drilled His Famous Well At ...
Origin Of The 42 Gal
Origin Of The 42-gal. Barrel The Men Who Buy, Sell, Produce, Transport, Refine And Market Petroleum Never Give A Thought Why The American Oil Barrel Of Commerce Contains 42 Gal., When The Laws Of The United States Decree That A Barrel, Particularly The Wine Barrel, Shall Have A Capacity Of ...
Pipe Line Construction
Pipe-line Construction In Pipe-line Construction, As In Railroad Construction, The Topog Raphy Must Be Studied And Lines Of Least Resistance Followed. Curves Are Avoided Wherever Possible. The Friction Factor Is An Important One. If The Friction Due To Curves Is Greater Than That Due To Climbing Grades Then, If Prac ...
Problems In Well Spacing
Problems In Well Spacing Well Spacing Offers A Number Of Problems. The Number Of Wells Needed To Develop A Tract Of Land Depends Not Only Upon The Local Geological Conditions But Upon The Way The Land Is Sub Divided. If One Company' Controls ,a Pool Or A Large Acreage The ...
Pumping Methods
Pumping Methods The Main Methods Of Lifting Oil Are: 1. By The Walking Beam. 2. By Pumping-jacks. 3. By Individual Motors At Well. 4. By Compressed Air Lift. The System The Walking-beam And Engine Used In Drilling May Be Employed As Power To Lift The Pump Rods. However, The Drilling ...
Refining
Refining Crude Oil, As It Comes From The Wells, Can Rarely Be Used Directly Except For Fuel Purposes. The Heavy California And Gulf Coast Oils Can Be Burned Directly Under Boilers To Generate Steam, And Are So Used To A Large Extent. The Lighter Eastern Oils Are Rarely So Used. ...
Rotary Drilling Method
Rotary Drilling Method The Drilling Bit With The Rotary Is Attached To The Bottom Of A Column Of Drill Pipe Which Is Given A Rotary Motion By A Spe Cial Device On The Floor Of The Derrick, Called The Rotary Table. The Drill Pipe Is First Grasped By The Rotary ...
Samples
Samples Samples Are Best Taken From The Point Nearest The Drill Hole. A Bucket Of Cuttings Is Caught And Care Fully Washed And Then Inspected. • A Capable Rotary Driller Can Tell From The Feel Of The Drilling Tools When A " In Formation" Has Occurred. He Measures The Point ...
Scheme For Compression And
Scheme For Compression And Refrigeration Process The Flow Sheet Shown In Fig. 100 Gives The Compression And Refrigeration System. The Gas From The Field Mains Enters The Intake Receiver At (1). The Gas Is Taken Into The Low-stage Compressors At (2) And Is Compressed To Pressures Of 40 To 80 ...
Separation Of Crude Oil
Separation Of Crude Oil Into Cuts Or Fractions Paraffin Base Oils.—with Paraffin Base Oils Where Lubricating Stock Is Desired The Cuts Are Not Made On Temperatures, But Upon A Specific Gravity Basis. The First Cut Is Completed When The Product Reaches A Gravity Of 54°be. The Distillate Secured Is Crude ...
Sizing Up An Oil
Sizing Up An Oil Company Since The Signing Of The Armistice In 1918, There Has Been An Unprecedented Period Of Wild Speculation In The Petroleum Indus Try, Accompanied By All Manner Of Reckless Spending And Big Promotions. Thousands Of New Companies Have Been Formed, A Large Majority Of Thein Selling ...
Sources Of Water
Sources Of Water There Are Two Main Sources Of Water In All Oil Fields: Water Confined In The Oil-bearing Strata And Water Occurring Separate From The Oil Zones. In The First Case Water Is Sealed In The Oil Sand And Normally It Underlies The Oil And Gas. It May Be ...
Standard Cable Tool System
Standard Cable-tool System The Principle Of The Cable Tool Or Percussion System Is The Action Of A Bit, A Heavy Mass Of Sharpened Steel, Upon The Rocks In Such A Way That Impact Will Cut And Crush Them. The Crushed Material Is Then Removed By Bailing. "drilling Dry" And "wet."—where ...
Storage Of Oil
Storage Of Oil When The Oil Is Above Ground, It Is Usually Carried Direct From The Well To The Refiner Or Other Consumer By The Pipe-line Com Pany. However, The Pipe-line Company May Store The Oil For Future Use; Or The Producer May Store His Own Oil For A Future ...
Swage
Swage If The Casing Has Been Crushed And Its Inside Diameter Reduced To A Size That Tools Or A Bailer Will Not Enter Readily, A Swage (see Fig. 38) Is Generally Employed. The Swage Is Put On The Bottom Of A String Of Tools In Place Of A Bit, And ...
Total Value Of A
Total Value Of A Property The Sum Of The Oil And Land Values Plus The Value Of The Physical Property Such As Tools, Casing, Machine Shops, Tankage, And Im Provements, And Salvage Make Up The Total Value Of The Property. In These Discussions The Value Of The Oil Alone Has ...
Townships
Townships In 1785 The Congress Of The Confederacy Enacted That The "western Territory" Be Divided Into "townships Six Miles Square By Lines Running Due North And South And Others Crossing Them At Right Angles." This Is Called The Rectangular System And With One Minor Exception Has Never Been Departed From ...
Treatment Of Oil After
Treatment Of Oil After Leaving Wells The Handling Of Oil After It Leaves The Well Deserves Special Consideration. Such Oil Contains Sediment And Water, Usually Called B. S. (basic Sediment). This Basic Sediment May Comprise 4 Or 5 Per Cent Of Sand. This Is True In California And The Gulf ...
Types Of Pumps
Types Of Pumps There Is A Difference In The Pumps Used In The Western And Iu The Eastern Hard Rock Fields. The Loose Sand Of California Necessitates A Plunger Pump (see Fig. 51, Page 123). The Pump Used In The Eastern Hard-rock Fields Consists Of A Plain Bored Cylinder With ...