and not specific gravity is the true measure of efficiency of gasoline for motor purposes. Expansive or driving force of gasoline is obtained from the higher hydro carbons when properly mixed with hydrocarbons of lower nature.
Deodorizing Cracked gasoline generally has a very offensive odor. To overcome this odor, the cracked product is treated with alkaine plumbite, cupric oxide or sodium. These chemicals neutralize the sulphur compounds, naphthenic acids, and basic nitrogen compounds which give the offensive odor.
Treating Crude Illuminating I, Chart crude illuminating oil is run from tank (5) to the steam still (6). The gasoline distillate is carried over co the gasoline distillate tank (1) or to the agitator (2). The illuminating oil is carried to the agitator (7), is treated with acid and alkali to remove impurities and is then filtered at (8), then a filter of Fuller's earth. This filtering gives it the water-white color.
The next step is to carry this product to a settling tank (9) where any of the fuller's earth in the oil settles to the bottom. The product, now the kerosene of commerce, is put in tank (10).
The crude lubricating distillate (11) passes to a combined steam and fire still (12) where its temperature is raised high enough to "crack" the paraffin wax in the distillate.
Wax is of two kinds, amorphous and crystalline. Only crystalline wax can be separated from oil by pressing. Some fuel oil is separated from the distillate and this goes directly to tank (28). The cracked lubricating distillate goes to the agitator (13) where it is treated with acid and soda ash. It is next carried to the chiller (14). The chilled wax and distillate are then pumped into the wax press (15). The pressed lubricating dis tillate from which lubricating oils are made is run to the steam and fire stills (16) and is distilled or reduced. The light spindle oil is carried to the filter (17) and then allowed to settle in the tank (18). The clarified product is carried to tank (19). The gas oil from (16) is carried directly to tank (20). The slack wax is taken from the filter press (15), and carried to the wax-sweater pans (20) in the sweat house. The paraffin wax is then filtered at
(22) and settled and carried to tank (24), from which it is later pumped to the molding house and is there prepared for market.
Treating Crude Cylinder crude cylinder stock in tank (29) is fed into the blending tank (3) where it is mixed with naphtha to thin it down sufficiently to permit the separation of petrola (vaseline) from it, and of easy filtration.
The cylinder stock naphtha solution passes through the chiller (36). This separates the amorphous wax which drops to the bottom. The separated petrola goes back to the blending tank and is then drawn off and filtered at (31). It is settled in tank (32) and is distilled in the steam still (33) to separate the naphtha.
• The filtered petrola goes to tank (34) and the blending naphtha back to the blending tank (30). The cylinder stock solution which passes through the chiller (35) is carried to the filter (36) and filtered separates from the cylinder stock naphtha solution when run through Fuller's earth. It is settled in tank (33) and is then run into the steam still (38). The blending naphtha runs back to the blending tank, and the unblown cylinder stock is carried to the dehydration tank where it is blown with air to remove all traces of water. When this is done it is pumped to the tank (40).
Making II, Chart still further example of refining gasoline and kerosene is illustrated in Chart 1, Scheme II. (See Fig. 94.) The crude oil from the crude oil tank is run into the crude oil still (1) and treated The dis tilled product passes through the condenser box (2) in which the pipes pass through circulating cold water to the receiving house (3) where the look boxes are located. These boxes have glass faces through which the color of the condensate can be seen. The boxes are connected with manifolds having valves which allow oil to be switched to any desired tank. The first condensate (benzine) is run into tank (4). Tank (5) carries the F. W. distillate. Tank (6) carries the light gas oil cut. Fuel oil is run into tank (7).