The Korting Burner. This burner is of the prr-JAure jet type. The oil is first heated to a temperature of 130 ' C., and is then forced through the burner under a pressure of 50 lbs. to the sq. in. The oil flows into a chamber feeding the jet, which is fixed to a spindle carrying a special screw. The oil is forced down this acquiring a vortex movement which sprays it out of the jet in a finely divided state and of sufficient intensity to make it fly into spray by centrifugal force immediately it issues from the nozzle. (Fig. 4.) The Ordc Steam-Jet Burner. In the improved pattern of this burner the form and disposition of the nozzle are slightly changed ; there is also the addition of a branch (1) for the purpose of utilizing steam pressure to blow through the oil service pipe after closing down, so that any obstruction or deposit may be cleared out. As in the earlier design, the annular steam jet in this burner is controlled by a rotary movement of the hollow valve (v) and that of the oil—which is preferably heated and supplied under pressure—is controlled in a similar manner by a movement of the needle valve (n). (Fig. 5.) The Rusden-Eeles Burner. This burner, which is of the steam pulverizing type, is used on the shell tankers. The oil, after having been heated by means of a steam jacket, is sprayed out by the steam, and as the burner is constructed to allow of separate adjustment of the steam and oil jets, the consumption of the fuel can be readily controlled to suit the special work it has to do. (Fig. 6, p. 29.) The Thompson Atomizer. This burner is made in different styles to suit any requirement, but two forms of it are illustrated here. The atomizer consists of four parts, namely : the body piece, the nozzle, the spraying or atomizing cylinder, and the spring for keeping the same in place. The hot oil is passed from the burner box or chest into the body of the burner and it then passes down into and through the atomizing or spraying cylinder, where it has a swirling or rotary motion imparted to it before leaving the burner, from which it issues in the form of a hollow cone of vaporized liquid fuel, which can be ignited by means of the com mon torch inserted through the fire hole. A special feature in this patent is the providing of a super-heating pa.s.sage in the walls of the nozzle, to superheat the oil just before it leaves the outlet. This arrangement was devised to deal specially with heavy Mexican oik, which have to be heated to a very high temperature.
By having this heating chamber the oil can be used at a lower temperature in the steam heaters. The heaviest Mexican oil can be used with this burner, and an entire absence of smoke is obtained.
The " Thompson " Atomizer is supplied and installed by Messrs. Smith's Dock Company, Ltd., of N. Shields, who also manufacture the " Smith-Meyer " system of oil-firing, in which the fire-bars and other coal-gear are removed entirely and circular patent furnace fronts substituted. The " Smith-Zulver " convertible system, also installed by this company, has been designed and developed particularly with a view to converting the boilers of steamers rapidly. The firm also supply two types of oil fuel heaters—the straight tube heater and the coil type heater.
The Thornycroft Sprayer. In the Thornycroft Oil Fuel System the oil is sprayed, under pressure, into the furnace by means of the Thornycroft Patent Sprayer. This has both edges of its supply grooves tangential to the whirling chamber, the spray being produced within a steel cone of special construction, which introduces and mixes the air and the oil spray in such a manner as to produce perfect combustion.
The oil may be of any crude description, such as Texas, Borneo, Mazout or Shale, and is pumped to the sprayer after heating and straining. This system is equally suitable for closed or open furnaces, or for Howden's Forced Draught. (Fig. 8.) The Wallsend Burner. In this burner the oil is supplied from a steam heater and forced into the burner at a steady pressure of from 60 to 80 lbs. per sq. in. The nozzle consists of a nipple, having a conical-shaped orifice of small diameter, from which the spray of heated oil issues in the form of a conoidal column of large diameter, and is capable of burning, in one burner, oil at the rate of from 400 to 500 lbs. per hour. The spray column is caused to acquire a rotary move ment by means of a helix on the valve-stem, the resulting centrifugal effect materially assisting in the widely conoidal diffusion obtained. (Fig. 9.) The " White" Patent Low Pressure Burner. The " White " Patent Burner, which is of simple construction is designed to atomize, to the finest extent, the oil previously heated to the point of fluidity by passing the oil through the perforated walls of the burner atom izer and strainer, along grooves which direct it on to a centre cone surface, from which it issues through a disc as a finely-divided spray or mist. The burner atomizes at any pressure from 10 pounds upwards. The orifice in the disc through which the oil spray issues is drilled to thousandths of an inch, and ranges from 30 thousandths to 70 thousandths in ordinary practice. All discs are interchangeable, and may be readily removed for cleaning when necessary. The burner itself is removed from the furnace front for cleaning by disconnecting the quick detachable union, when it may be withdrawn and a spare clean burner inserted in its place, the entire operation being performed in less than thirty seconds. (Fig. 10.) The oil atomizer and strainer of fine mesh located in the end of the burner arrests any particles of grit which might otherwise lodge in the orifice of the disc. There is also a safety device, or shut-off cock, attached to the burner head with its handle locking the screw of the quick detachable union, making it impossible to open the union without first shutting off the oil.
Owing to the absence of any steam or compressed air jet to atomize the oil, the operation of the burner is noiseless. The flame is short, under three feet in length, and fills the front end of the furnace. It is a clear incandescent flame, shading to red at the periphery, with a faint trace of violet at the extreme edge.
The " J. Samuel White" Oil Fuel Burning System. The construction of the burners is clearly indicated in the sketches given herewith.
Referring to Fig. 1, it will be seen that the oil passes down the centre of the burner body A to the annular passage surrounding the slot plate C. This plate is provided with either one, two, or three slots, arranged to direct the oil in a tangential direction into the whirl chamber at its centre from which it is discharged through the fine orifice in the cap B in the form of a fine mist, in which condition it can be efficiently burnt. The slot plates C and caps B, having slots and orifices of varying sizes, are supplied to suit varying rates of output.