Combination Printing
Combination Printing. Combination Printing May Be Said To He The Highest Development Of Photography As A Fine Art, It Has Not Been Practised With Any Great Degree Of Success But By A Few, And We Shall Only Dwell On It Briefly Here. It Consists, As The Name Would Indicate, In ...
Compensation For Under And
Compensation For Under And Over Exposure We Have So Far Been Considering Merely A Case Of "nor Mal Exposure" And "normal Development," But We Must Go Farther Than This And Give Examples Of Abnormal Exposures And The Corresponding Variations Which Require To Be Introduced In Development To Correct These. One ...
Cutting Up Paper Trimming
Cutting Up Paper; Trimming Prints; Mounting Prints ; Rolling And Burnishing Prints ; Enamelling Prints. It Is Desirable To Have About Inch Margin For Trimming In The Case Of Every Print, But Beyond This The Less There Is The Better. We Here Give A Set Of Sketches Showing How Paper ...
Defects And Remedies
Defects And Remedies. Of The Defects Which, For The Sake Of Completeness, We Mention As Existing In Plates, Few Will Ever Be Come Across In The Present Day, Whilst We Think We May Say With Confidence That None Of Them Will Be Found In The Britannia Plates, As Every Batch ...
Development
Development. In The First Place It Is Necessary To Understand What Is The Meaning Of A Negative. We May Define It As A Picture Where All The Shades Of Nature Are Reversed, Where What Is In Reality Black Is Shown As White, Whilst What In Reality Is White Is Shown ...
Enlarging
Enlarging. It May Be Said That, Other Things Being Equal, The Larger A Photograph Is The Finer It Is, At Any Rate Within Limits. The Apparatus For Taking Very Large Pictures Is, However, Exceedingly Cumbersome, And The Plates Necessary Are Very Expensive. Moreover, Certain Optical Difficulties Are Met With. It ...
Groups
Groups. The Taking Of Groups Out-of-doors Is, Since The Intro Duction Of Dry Plates, A Very Easy Branch Of Photography. If The Number Of Persons To Be Taken Be Small—two To Half A Dozen—an Attempt Should Be Made To Group Them With Some Purpose Or Intention. The Ordinary Method Is ...
Instantaneous Photography
Instantaneous Photography. The Photographing Of Objects Which, Being In More Or Less Rapid Motion, Required That The Exposure Should Be Very Brief, So That The Motion Might Not Produce Notice Able Blurring, Was, Previous To The Advent Of Dry Plates, A Very Difficult Matter, And One In Which Only Occasional ...
Kiepce Boyle
Boyle, Kiepce, Talbot, Daguerre So Thoroughly Has Photography, The Art Of Drawing By Light, Entered Into Our Every-day Life That It Is Difficult For Us In The Present Clay To Realise How Recently It Has Come To Be. So Accustomed Are We To Have Scenes And Persons Represented To Us ...
Mounting Prints
Mounting Prints. Prints May He Mounted Either On Cards Or In Scrap Books. When The Photographs Are Portraits It Is Usual To Have Mounts Which Show Only A Narrow Margin. In The Case Of Smaller Sizes The Mounted Prints Are Put Into The Well-known Albums ; In The Larger Ones ...
Mounting Prints In Optical
Mounting Prints In Optical Contact With Class. This Is A Method Of Mounting Prints Which Gives A Particularly Pleasing Effect. A Piece Of Glass Free From All Air-bubbles Or Other Blemishes Is Selected. A Porcelain Dish Which Will Hold The Plate Is Taken. A Solution Of Gelatine Is Made Up ...
Optics
Optics. The Very First Time That Any Object Was Focussed It Will Have Been Observed That The Nearer The Object Was To The Camera The Greater Was The Distance Required Between The Lens And The Ground Glass To Make The Object Sharp. In Other Words, The Focus Of A Lens ...
P Hotootiapii Ic Optics
P Hotootiapii Ic Optics. If A Room Be Completely Darkened, And If There Be Made In The Shutters Of The Window A Small Hole So Bevelled Away On Each Side That It Shall Not Be In The Form Of A Tube, We Shall Have On The Wall Opposite An Inverted ...
Portraiture Out Of Doors
Portraiture Out-of-doors. The Amateur Will Naturally Make His First Attempts Out-of-doors, Because There The Light Is So Good That He Will Be Able To Operate With Precisely The Same Apparatus Which He Uses For Landscape Work. If He Has A Rapid Lens, Such As We Mentioned As Desirable For Instant ...
Portraiture In An Ordinary
Portraiture In An Ordinary Room. First, As To The Extra Apparatus Which Is Required. Cameras And Camera - Stands Are Made Specially For Studio Work, And These Will Be Found Much More Con Venient For Indoor Work Than The Cameras Prepared For Field Work. It Is Not, However, By Any ...
Printing Skies Into Landscape
Printing Skies Into Landscape Negatives ; Combination Printing. We Have Already Said That In Certain Cases Suitable Clouds Can Be Got On The Same Plate As The Landscape, But This Is A Very Rare Exception. In Nine Cases Out Of Ten A Landscape Negative Shows No Clouds Or Only Such ...
Printing With Ready Sensitised
Printing With Ready Sensitised Paper. This Is To Be Brought About By Printing, A Process Whereby The Shades Of The Negative Are Reversed, And A Positive Is Obtained As Has Been Already Explained. There Are Many Printing Processes, But There Is One Which Has Held Its Own Against All Competition, ...
Retouching
Retouching. The Elaborate Modelling Which Is Frequently Performed By Photographers Not Only Spoils A Picture As A Photo Graph But Generally Produces A Result Far From Artistic. Still, To Say That No Retouching Whatever Should Be Per Mitted Is Erring In The Other Direction. Who, For Example, Can Honestly Say ...
Sensitising Paper
Sensitising Paper. The Process Of Sensitising Paper, Although It Presents No Grave Difficulties, Is One Which Is Somewhat Trouble Some And Is Rather Messy. It Is Almost Impossible To Perform It Unless Some Special Apartment Can Be Put Aside For Photographic Work, At Least For The Time Being. The Apparatus, ...
The Applications Of Modern
The Applications Of Modern Photography. We Have Brought Our Readers Up To The Present Time. We Have Contrasted The Wet-plate Photographer Of Former Days—who Required To Have At His Elbow, Whilst He Exposed His Plate, A Quantity Of Chemicals And A Tent To Work In, And Who Consequently Either Was ...
The Dark Room
The Dark Room. We Now Enter Upon A Practical Description Of The Mani Pulations Which Take Place In The Production Of Negatives And Finished Prints, And Of The Apparatus Which Is Used To Assist Such Manipulations. Our Intention Is To Go Through Every Manipulation, Attempting To Make It As Clear ...
The Exposure Of Plates
The Exposure Of Plates. The Apparatus Required For This Is The Following : A Camera With A Dark Slide, A Lens, A Camera Stand, And A Focussing Cloth. The Photographic Camera Is Simply A Portable Form Of The Camera Obscura. It Is A Box, At One End Of Which Is ...
The Ferro Prussiate Process
The Ferro-prussiate Process. The Chief Use Of The Process Is For Copying Plans And Drawings Such As Are Used By Engineers And Architects, The Lines Coming Out White On A Background Of Blue. Very Pleasing Effects Can, However, Be Got From Negatives Of Certain Subjects, Notably Of Sea-pieces. The Paper ...
Tiie Alpha Paper And
Tiie Alpha Paper. And The Alpiia Opal Plates. We By No Means Wish To Take Up The Business Of Prophesying What May Or What May Not Be The Future Of Photographic Printing ; But We Will Venture To Say That In The Alpha Paper, Which Has Been Brought Before The ...
Toning And Fixing Of
Toning And Fixing Of Prints. Various Toning - Baths Are Used By Different Photo Graphers, Each One As A Rule Considering That He Finds Some Special Virtues In The Bath Which He Uses. We Will Give Several Baths, All Of Which We Have Found To Work Excellently With Both Ready ...
Trimming Prints
Trimming Prints. It Will Be Readily Seen That These Sizes Are Only Approximate, And That There Must Be After Printing A Trimming Performed So As To Get The Precise Size. In The Case Of Cartes, Cabinets, And The Other Popular Portrait Sizes It Is Necessary To Adhere Exactly To The ...
Variations In Development
Variations In Development. The Ferrous Oxalate Or Iron Developer Is, However, By Far The Most Popular On The Continent, And With Some Few Photographers In This Country, And Certainly It Has Some Advantages. Were The Negative, Instead Of The Print, The End At Which The Photographer Aims, Certainly The Iron ...
Varnishing The Negative Sensitising
Varnishing The Negative; Sensitising Paper. There Is A Double Object In The Varnish. The First Is Simply To Protect The Gelatine Film From Accidental Abrasion. The Second Is To Protect It From Dampness. Dry Gelatine Has A Great Affinity For Water, Soaking It Up Readily. If Ready Sensitised Paper Is ...
Vignetting
Vignetting. For A Long Time The Means Of Producing This Pleasing Effect Was Known Only By A Few, And Was Sold As A Secret Process For Large Sums. There Are Now Known Many Ways By Which It Can Be Produced. Before Describing These A Few Words Are Necessary As To ...
Wet Collodion Process
Wet Collodion Process We Have Now Brought Our Historical Sketch Up To The Time Of The Invention Of Wet-collodion Process, Which, As The One That Has Held The First Place For A Longer Time Than Any Other, And Has Kept It Till Within The Last Few Years, Deserves A Somewhat ...
And Remedies Defects In
Defects In Prints, And Remedies. It Must Be Understood That Chloride Of Gold Is Usually Somewhat Acid, And That Borax, Bicarbonate Of Soda, Or Whatever Is Used With It Is Intended To Neutralise This Acidity And, Moreover, To Render The Solution Slightly Alkaline. If The Bath Refuse To Tone, The ...
The Workshop The Camera
The Camera In The Field, The Workshop, Ecc. We Must Now Say A Few Words On The Different Sub Jects Which Come To Be Depicted By The Camera, For It Must Be Evident That The Manipulations And Apparatus Will Be Very Different According As The Desire Is To Por Tray ...