Albumen Collodion
Collodion, Albumen, And Other Silver Papers Collodio-chloride Papers.—a Collodion Printing-out Paper Was Introduced As Early As 1865, By Mr. G. Wharton Smith, But Gradually Fell Into Desuetude, Partly Owing To Difficulties Of Manufacture, Partly Because The Thoughtless Habit Of Breaking The Grain Of Papers, In Order To Make Them Lie ...
Animated Photography
Animated Photography We Have Already Commented Upon The Difficulties Of The Instantaneous Shutter As A Means Of Representing Rapidly Moving Objects, In That The Results Do Not Usually Convey More Than The Idea Of Suddenly Arrested Motion. A Snap Shot Of A Stage In The Derby Contest Fails Utterly In ...
Architectural Interiors
Architectural Interiors Composition Of View.—only The Briefest Suggestions Can Be Given As To The General Arrangement Of Interior Views On The Focussing-screen, As So Much Will Depend Upon The Subject ; But There Are A Few Rules Which Apply To Most Cases. The Camera Should Not Be Placed In The ...
Architectural Photography
Architectural Photography If Any Apology Were Necessary For The Introduction Of This Chapter We Might Find It In The Words Of Ruskin. He Says : "the Greatest Service Which Can At Present Be Rendered To Architecture Is The Careful Delineation Of Its Details From The Beginning Of The Twelfth To ...
Bromide And Gaslight Papers
Bromide And Gaslight Papers All The Papers Described Hitherto Have Been Of A Kind Needing Daylight, Or An Electric Light Of High Actinic Value, To Produce Satisfactory Results ; The Image Also Becomes Fully Visible And Complete During Exposure Under The Negative. We Now Have To Consider A Series Of ...
Chemicals In General Use
Chemicals In General Use In Photography Acetic Acid, 6o.—a Colourless Liquid With Strong Vinegar Smell. The Glacial Quality Is That Employed In Photography. Solidifies At 34' Fahr. Specific Gravity A Corrosive Poison, Blistering The Skin In Concentrated Form. Acetone, 58.—also Called Methyl-acetyl. A Volatile, Highly Inflammable Liquid, With Pleasant Odour. ...
Collotype Photo Engraving
Photo-engraving, Collotype, Etc. Although Some Of The Methods Of Preparing Photo Transfers For Lithography And Zincography Were Known Sixty Years Ago, It Is Only Within The Last Quarter Of A Century That Photography Has Gained Acceptance As A Means Of Repro Ducing Illustrations For The Printing Press. Once Recognised, It ...
Defects In The Negative
Defects In The Negative And Their Remedy Pinholes.—the Annoying Small Transparent Spots And Micro Scopic Holes, Often Found In The Negative, Are Generally To Be Ascribed To Dust On The Plate At The Time Of Exposure. Plates Should Never Be Kept For More Than A Day Or Two In The ...
Development Of The Negative
Development Of The Negative Some Thirty Years Ago, When Photography Was Not Very Some Thirty Years Ago, When Photography Was Not Very Widely Understood Of The Common People, We Were Passing Through The Usual Ordeal At A Douane On The German Frontier. One Luckless Tourist Had Amongst His Luggage Several ...
Emulsions Fops Dry Plates
Emulsions Fops Dry Plates And Films Whether It Is Feasible For The Photographer, Amateur Or Professional, To Prepare His Own Dry Plates Is A Question Hardly Worth Discussing. The Processes Are Attended With Precariousness And Intricacy At Every Stage. Each Batch Of That Very Uncertain Substance, Gelatine, Must First Undergo ...
Enlarging
Enlarging Of Late Years, The Fashion In Cameras For Outdoor Work Has Been In The Direction Of A Smaller And Smaller Plate Each Season. Once Upon A Time, Whole Plate At Least Was De Rigueur, If A Man Wished To Preserve His Reputation. Later On, A Half Plate Became Excusable ...
Gelatino Chloride Printing Out Paper
Gelatino-chloride Printing-out Paper Although This Paper (commonly Known To Dealers As P.o.p.) Is Far From Easy To Manage In A Way That Will Lead To A High Standard Of Success, It Is Used By The Great Majority Of Amateurs. The Advantages Connected With It Are That There Is No Need ...
Hand Cameras
Hand Cameras Before Us, As We Write, Is A Dog-eared, Time-stained Little Volume. It Is A Catalogue Of Photographic Goods For 1885— Just Twenty-six Years Ago. We Search In Vain For Particulars Of Hand Cameras ; There Are None. However, In An Obscure Corner, As If As Anxious To Escape ...
In A Green Valley
In A Green Valley. Rubbish In The Foreground. The Camera Will Invariably Record Such Articles With Hideous Fidelity. If Figures Are Introduced, They Must Not Be So Near The Camera As To Divert Attention From The Essential Elements Of The Corn Position, Nor, On The Other Hand, So Far Off ...
Indoor Photography
Indoor Photography May Sum Up The Difficulties Of This Subject Under Two Heads, Viz. Those Of Perspective And Those Of Lighting. Only The Case Of The Small Interior Is Dealt With Here. Churches And Other Large Buildings Are Treated In The Chapters On Architecture. The Great Problem In Interiors Of ...
Lantern Slides
Lantern Slides How Old The Magic Lantern Is, No One Knows ! The Egyptians Had Something Corresponding To It, Although The Illuminant Was Sunlight Introduced Into The Darkness Of The Temples For Projection Purposes Through Small Circular Diaphragms, Perhaps Fitted With Lenses. Roger Bacon Is Credited With The Magic Lantern ...
Lighting And Posing The
Lighting And Posing The Ordinary Results Obtained By The Average Professional Worker Might Lead One To Suppose That The Possibilities Both Of Lighting And Posing Were Limited To A Few Stereotyped Forms. As A Matter Of Fact, The Variety Of Lighting Effects Is Almost Endless, And In This Respect Can ...
Oil Processes
Oil Processes Oil And Water Will Never Agree ; They Repel Each Other. Consequently, If A Sheet Of Paper Or A Glass Plate Is Coated With A Bichromated Gelatine, Exposed Under A Negative And Then Soaked Until The Unchanged Gelatine Is Heavily Charged With Water, Any Pigment Of Greasy Nature ...
Orthochromatic Photography
Orthochromatic Photography When The Pioneers Of Photography Began To Turn Their Attention To Landscape And Decorative Work They Discovered A Very Serious Defect In Their Productions As Either Records Of Facts Or As Interpretations Of Nature As They Saw It. The Rendering Of Colour Was Entirely Misleading. They Did Not, ...
Outdoor Photography Exposure
Outdoor Photography: Exposure We Are Now Ready To Insert In The Camera The Dark Slide (duly Loaded With Plates Film Side Outwards), And To With Draw The Shutter. Dark Slides Containing Plates Should Be Protected From The Direct Rays Of The Sun, And It Is A Good Rule To Keep ...
Outdoor Photography Focusingthe
Outdoor Photography : Focusing The Image In Whatever Section He May Afterwards Specialise, The Beginner Should Always Pass Through A Course In Landscape Work. The Incidental Difficulties Are Few And Arise In So Regular A Succession, That A Result Worthy Of Being Shown To Critical Friends May Often Be Achieved ...
Photo Micrography
Photo-micrography A Veryawkward Word Is This, And One Which Somehow Sticks In The Throat Of Its User In A Most Disagreeable Manner. Why Not Microphotography? Sad To Say, The Latter Term Has Already Been Annexed By The Authorities, To Describe The Tiny Photographs Of Scenery Or Country Life Which We ...
Photography
Photography, The Most Widely Practised And Most Versatile Of The Pictorial Arts, Is Also The Youngest. Seventy Years Ago Its Very Name Was Unknown, And Only A Few Crude Principles Existed In The Transactions Of Learned Societies. And Yet Its History Might Be Traced Back For Many Generations. To No ...
Photography By The X Rays
Photography By The X-rays We Do Not Feel Called Upon In This Brief Chapter To Indulge In A Philosophical Treatise On The Nature Of The X-rays, Nor Even To Describe Very Fully The Apparatus By Which They Are Produced. The Details Of These Matters Concern The Electrician Rather Than The ...
Photography In Natural Colours
Photography In Natural Colours The Beginnings.—lt Is An Interesting Fact That Some Of The First Recorded Experiments In Photography Were Directed To Obtaining Results In Natural Colours. More Than Fifty Years Before Photography, As We Know It, Was Invented, Such Experiments Were Being Made ; And When The Researches Of ...
Platinotype
Platinotype No Photographic Operations Can Be Termed Easy In The Sense That They Allow Much Margin For Careless Working. Some, However, Are Simpler Than Others, And Amongst These Must Be Reckoned The Platinum Process. The Developing And Fixing Solutions Are Elementary And The Directions Few In Number. If The Latter ...
Portraiture General Remarks
Portraiture : General Remarks The Hands.—of The Utmost Importance Is The Treatment Of The Hands. The Writer Considers That They Are Almost Of As Great Importance As The Face Itself ; They Are Absolutely Significant Of The Sitter, And They Must Be So Treated As Not To Disturb But Assist ...
Portraiture Materials An
Portraiture : Materials An Idea Is Current Among Many People That An Extensive Outfit Is Necessary For The Production Of Really Good Portraits And Also That The Most Perfect And Most Expensive Apparatus Should Be Used For That Purpose. It Is A Fact, However, That There Is Scarcely Any Art ...
Reflex Cameras
Reflex Cameras The Ordinary Hand Camera Has This Very Serious Disad Vantage, That The Actual Image, Which Is About To Be Imprinted On The Sensitive Plate, Cannot Be Seen By The Operator. He Is Obliged To Take It For Granted, And Estimate Its Actual Qualities From The View-finder. Thus He ...
Retouching
Retouching Was There Ever A Time When The Use Of Pencil Or Knife On The Photographic Negative Was Not Protested Against As Bad Taste And Bad Art ? We Cannot Recollect Any Such Epoch. The Retoucher Has Always Been An Individual Under A Cloud, So To Speak ; And This ...
Selecting A Lens
Selecting A Lens In The Preceding Chapter Some Account Has Been Given Of The Various Types Of Lenses And Their Distinguishing Characteristics, So That The Reader Is Now In A Position To Decide On The Lens He Is Going To Purchase. Some Additional Remarks Will, However, Be Of Interest. Opticians ...
Stereography Stereoscopic Photography
Stereography (stereoscopic Photography) When We Look At An Object Or Scene In The Ordinary Way, With Both Eyes, We Obtain What Seems To Be A Single Im Pression Of It ; This, However, Is Really A Combination Of Two Dissimilar Images Formed By The Right And Left Eyes Respectively, As ...
The Camera
The Camera For Outdoor And Landscape Photography The Type Of Camera, To Be Used On A Stand And Technically Known As A " Field Camera," Should Be Of Fairly Light Construction ; But At The Same Time Sufficiently Strong And Compact To Bear Occasional Rough Usage With Equanimity. It Is ...