Among the minor salts, the chlorides deserve most attention. It bas been found that they generally retard the burning of tobacco, and that as they increase, carbonate of potash decreases. Lime is invariably found more or less in the ash, but it has not been ascertained to what extent its presence affects the quality of the tobacco; good tobacco may contain much or little, so that its presence is probably not of great importance. The same may be said of soda, magnesia, and phosphoric acid. According to Nessler, their proportions may vary thus :—Potash, per cent.; lime, ; soda, ; magnesia, 0.12-0.99 ; phosphoric acid, In connection with the chemistry of tobacco, and the rational manuring of the crop, the name of Prof. S. W. Johnson, Chemist to the Connecticut State Board of Agriculture, must be placed in the foremost rank. Indebtedness is acknowledged to Prof. Johnson for a copy of his valuable report, quoted in the Bibliography at the end of this article.
Adulteration and Substitutes.—It is said that in Thuringia, over 1000 tons yearly of dried beetroot leaves are passed off as tobacco. These leaves, and those of chicory and cabbage, are similarly employed in Magdeburg and the Palatinate. Many of the Vevey cigars of S. Germany are entirely composed of cabbage- and beetroot-leaves which have been steeped in tobacco-water for a long time. Other leaves, such as rhubarb, dock, burdock, and coltsfoot are also used. These are all principally for cigars. For smoking-tobacco, chamomile flowers, exhausted in water, then dyed and sweetened with logwood and liquorice, and dried, have been mixed with tobacco in such proportions as 70-80 per cent. In America, a specially-prepared brown paper, saturated with the juice expressed from tobacco-stems and other refuse, is most extensively used, not only for the " wrappers" of cigars, but also for " filling." Various ground woods, starches, meals, and pigments are introduced into snuff.
Imports, Duties, and Values.-Our imports of tobacco in 1879 were as follows : (a) Unmanufactured : From United States, 25,743,880 lb., value 682,253/. ; Holland, 6,215,930 lb., 266,109/. ; China, 1,444,192 lb., 36,265/. ; Turkey, 1,214,319 lb., 32,627/. ; Japan, 805,928 lb., 21,003/. ; France, 651,350 lb., 14,5851.; Belgium, 515,009 lb., 15,501l.; Argentine Republic, 470,309 lb., 10,870l.; Germany, 426,139 lb., 25,602l.; Straits Settlements, 267,258 lb., 29,718/. ; British India, 246,305 lb., 3605l.; New Granada, 241,638 lb., 9621l.; Canada, 121,920 lb., 3473/. ; other countries, 497,043 lb., 14,256/. ; total, 38,861,220 lb., 1,165,488/.
(b) Snuff : From all countries, 7719 lb., value 92/.
(c) Cigars : From Spanish W. Indies, 495,518 lb., value, 494,974l.; Germany, 150,460 lb., 46,3I8/.; Holland, 116,218 lb., 31,348l.; Philippines, 80,199 lb., 21,738l.; France, 73,348 lb., 24,071/. ; Straits Settlements, 51,191 lb., 13,822/. ; China, 48,762 lb., 11,240/. ; Belgium, 46,536 lb., 14,211/. ; British India, 33,208 lb., 10,898/. ; United States, 14,625 lb., 5461/. ; other countries, 43,978 lb., 19,184l.; total, 1,154,043 lb., 693,265/.
(d) Cavendish or Negrohead : From United States, 2,247,557 lb., value 84,422/. ; other countries, 45,052 lb., 1964l; total, 2,292,609 lb., 86,386/.
(e) Cavendish, manufactured in bond : 33,069 lb., 7126/.
(f) Other sorts, including cigarettes : From United States, 52,206 lb., value 7999/. ; Holland, 25,273 lb., 1372/. ; Channel Islands, 15,470 lb., 1279/. ; Germany, 14,474 lb., 4472/. ; France, 9497 lb., 2368/ ; Belgium, 7939 lb., 2086/. ; other countries, 12,328 lb., 3845/. ; total, 137,187 lb., 23,421/.
The duties on unmanufactured tobacco are 3s. 6d. a lb. when it contains 10 per cent. or more of moisture ; 39. 10d. a lb. when it contains less than 10 per cent. of moisture. Snuff containing no more than 13 per cent. of moisture, 4s. 10d. a lb. ; 13 per cent. and upwards, 4s. ld. a lb. Cigars pay 5s. 6d. a lb. Cavendish of foreign manufacture pays 4s. 10d. a lb.; that manufactured in bond, 4s. 4d. Other sorts, including cigarettes, pay 49. 4d. a lb.
The approximate relative values in the London market are as follows :-'VIaryland, fine yellow, fine, and good coloured, 7-9d. a lb. ; colory, 5-7d. ; light-brown and leafy, 5-70. ; ordinary and brown, 4-40. Virginia : Fine Irish and Scotch spinners, 7-10d. ; good and middling, ordinary light and dry, 6-10d. ; fine black sweet scent, and middling do., part blacks, 5-6d. ; ordi nary and heated, 3-5d. ; mixed parcels, ordinary and good, middling and fine, 51-60. ; stripped leaf, 4d.-1s. Kentucky : fine long light leaf, 7-11d.; good to middling do., 5-7d.; fine and middling blacks, 6-8d. ; ordinary and mixed, 2-5d. ; stripped leaf, fine, light leafy, middling and ordinary, Negrohead, lld.-ls. 6d. Cavendish, 4d.-1s. Amerefort and German, 2id. Is. 6d. St. Domingo, 5-7d. Havana, Cuba, and Yara, Is. 2d.-6s. Turkish and Greek, 2F-9d. E. India, Japan, and China, 2-9d. Java, 5d.-2s. Colombia (New Granada), 5d.-2s. 6d. Manilla, 8d.-4s. Manilla cheroots, 4s. 7s. 6d. Havana cigars, 5-40s.