b. Wild.—Theoplala Huttoni, the wild silkworm of the N.-W. Himalayas ; worms found abundantly feeding on the indigenous mulberry in the mountain forests. T. sherwill,, the wild silk worm of the S.-E. Himalayas. T. bengalensis, the wild silkworm of Lower Bengal ; in the neigh bourhood of Calcutta feeding on Artocarpus lacoocha ; also at Ranches iu Chota Nagpore. T. rcli giosa, the joree of Assam and deo-mooga of Cachar ; feeds on the bur tree (Ficus indka) and the pipul (F. religiosa). T. mandarina, the wild silkworm of Chekiang, N. China ; stated to feed on wild mulberry-trees, spinning a white cocoon. Ocinara lactea, at Mussooree, N.-W. Himalaya ; feeds on Ficus venosa ; small yellow cocoon ; several broods during the summer. O. ikroorei, at Mussoorec, N.-W. Himalaya ; also feeds on Ficus venosa, as well as on the wild fig ; a small white cocaon ; multivoltine. O. diaphana, on the Khasia hills. Trilocha varians, in N. and S. India.
2. Atlas and Eris Group.—Attacus atlas, in China, Burma, India, Ceylon, Java ; almost omni vorous, feeding in different districts upon the shrubs and trees peculiar to it, as Bradlcia ovata, Fil coneria insignis, and several other trees at Muesooree ; the yellow ring barberry at Almorah ; and various other trees at Cachar ; cocoon well etored with a fine silk. A. silhetica, in Silliet. A. Edward,ia, in Sikkim, Cherra, and Khasia hills. A. cynthia, in China ; domesticated in the pro vinces of Shantung and Henan ; feeds on Ailanthus glandulosa. A. Ricini, the eria of ASBDM, and arindi of Dinajpore ; domesticated in the N. parte of Bengal (Bogra, Ruogpore, and Dinajpore), in Assam and Caehar ; feeds on the castor-oil plant (Ricinuq communis); seven or more crops annually ; cocoons somewhat loose and flossy, orange-red, sometiines white. The so-called " Ailanthus eilk worm " of Europe—tho result of a fertile hybrid between the Chinese and the Bengal species—was produced some years ngo in France, whence it was introduced into varione parts of the world. A. Canningi, in the N.-W. Himalayas ; common in a wild atate, feeding on the leaves of Coriaria nipalensis and Xanthophyllum hostile ; cocoons hard and compactly woven, rusty-orange or grey ; annual. A. lunula, in Silhet. A. obscurus, in Cachar ; not very common ; stated to feed on a plant called load. A. Guerini, in E. Bengal.
3. Actias Group.—Actias Selene, iu Mussaorce, Sikkim, Khasia hills, and Madras ; feeds upon Andromeda ovalifolia, Coriaria nipalen,is, wild cherry, and walnut, at Mussooree, and on Odina Wadier in Madras. A. sinensis, in N. China, .A. Leto and A. ikranas, in Sikkim and Khasia bills. A. ignes cens, in the Andaman Isles.
4. Tusser and Moonga Group.—Anthercra mylitta [paphia], the tusser, tasar, or tussah silkworm"; well-known and valuable insects (of various undetermined epecies), widely distributed over India, from E. to W. and N. to S., on the coaet, and in the Central Provinces ; feed in a wild Mate upon the ber (Zizyphus jojoba), the asun (Tratinalia alata), the seemul (Bombax heptaphyllum), Sze. A. Afezankooria, the mezankoorie silkworm of the Assamese ; stated to ft_ed on tho addakoory (7 Tetranthera guadrifolia), which is abundant in Upper and Lower Assam ; eilk nearly white, its value being fifty per cent. above that of the muga. A. nebulosa, the tusser of the Sonthal jungles of Colong ; aleo found in Singbhooru, Chats Nagpore. A. Perrotteti, in the districts of Pondicherry, feeding upon a species of Zizyphus, the jambool (Syzygium jamholanum), &c. ; four broods in a year. A. andamana, allied species to the tusser, in the S. Andamans. A. Frithi, in Sikkim and the
Himalayas ; common, wild, inhabiting the hot subtropical valleys below 2000 ft. ; c,ocoon is stated to be eiluilar to tusser in form, but finer silk. _A. Helferi, in Sikkim and the Himalayas; a common species in the hot valleys of Sikkim. A. assama, the moonga or muga of the Assamese ; feeds upon the champa GThchelia sp.) the soom (7 Tetranthera laneeolata), kontoolva, digluttee (Tetranthera diglottica), the pattee shoonda (Laurus obtusifolia), and the sonhalloo (Tetranthera macrophylla); extensively culti vated by the natives, and can be reared in houses, but is fed and thrives best in the open air and upon the tree8 ; the silk forms an article of export from Assam, and leaves the country generally in the shape of thread. A. Roylei, the oak-feeding silkworm of the N.-W. Himalayas ; common on the hill-oak (Quercus incana) of the N.-W. Hinnilayas (Simla, Masuri, Almora); cocoon large and very tough ; silk pronounced as promising, and worth cultivating ; can be reared easily in the house.
5. Miscellaneous Group.—Salasso Lola, Sikkim, Himalayas. Rinaca Zuleiha, Sikkim. Rhodia Newara, Nepal (Kathmandoo); feeds upon a species of weeping willow ; brilliant green cocoon, pendant from the twigs. Caligula thibeta, Mussooree, Himalayas, 7000 ft. ; common, feeding on Andromeda ovalifolia, wild pear, and cultivated quinee ; light, open, net-like cocoon. C. simla, Simla, N.-W. Himalayas, 5000 ft. ; feeds on the walnut, Salix babylonica, wild pear, &c. ; open, net-like cocoon. C. cachara, Cachar. Neoris Huttoni, Mussooree, N.-W. Himalayas, 6500 ft.; worms appear in April, feeding upon a species of wild pear tree ; thin silken cocoon. N. shadulla, Yarkand. Stoliczkana, Ladak. Saturnia cidosa, S. Grotei, S. lindia, and S. anna, hot valleys of the Sikkim Himalayas. Loepa katinka, Sikkim, 5000-7000 ft., Assam. L. sikkima, hot valleys of Sikkim. L. sivalica, Mussooree, 5000 ft. ; long cocoon, pointed at each end, and of a dark greenish grey colour. L. miranda, Sikkim, Himalayas. Cricula trifenestrata, the haumpottonee of the Assamese ; very common io Assam ; feeds on the soom ; open net-like cocoon, of a beautiful yellow colour, and of a rich lustre, the silk being spun in the same mauner as the eria cocoon ; occurs also ia Moulmein, where the worms are stated to feed upon the cashew-nut tree (Anacar dium orientale). C. drepanoides, Sikkim. A few others which are well worth the attention of the Government of India for the puipose of acclimatization there are :—Antherma Pernyi, the oak-feed ing silkworm of Manchuria, N. China, described as having been long known to the Manchu Tartars, very large quantities of the silk being used among the Chinese ; feeds on various species of oak (Quercus mongolica), &c., the cocoon differing from the tusser in form and texture ; silk repre sented as strong, but with little lustre ; two crops in the year—spring and autumn. A. Confuci, allied to A. Pernyi, iohabiting the hills in the neighbourhood of Shanghai, N. China. A. Yama-mai, the yama-mai silkworm of Japan ; oak-feeding; cocoon of a pale yellowish-green colour; excellent silk of considerable commercial value in Japan ; has been acclimatized in Europe, and, crossed with Bombyx Attacus Pernyi, is successfully reared in France, the eggs hatching at almost freezing-point. Saturnia pyretorum, S. China; feeds Imo° the Liguidambar formosana in Canton, Amoy. Neoris shadulla, Yarkaod. Theophila mandarina, N. China.