Zygophyllacae.—Guaiacum officinal° (Guaiactun).
Rhamnacece.—Zizyphus Jujuba (Lac).
Euphorbiacem.—Pedilanthus spp. ; Euphorbium spp. (Euphorbium).
Dipterocarpoe,—Vateria indica (Piney); Shorea spp. (Darnmar); Ilopea spp. (Damtnar) ; Dryobala flops spp. (Camphor); Diptcrocarpus spp. (Gurjun) ; Vatica sp.
Combretacece.—Terminalia spp.
Bixinece.—Lcetia resinosa.
Guttiferm.—Garcinia spp. (Gamboge); Calophyllum spp. (Tamanu and Tacamanaca); Moronobea coccinea (Hog).
Hyperiacem.—Vismia spp. (Gtamboge).
Cistacece.—Cistus spp.
Hederaeem.—Hedera helix.
Umbelliferce.—Ferula spp. (Calbanum, Sagapenum); Scorodosma fmtida, Narthex asafcetida (Asa feetida) ; Opoponax Chironium (Opoponax); Dorema ammoniacum (Ammoniaoum); Thapsia garganica ; Bolax spp.
Rubiacece.—Gardenia spp.
Apocynacem.—Taberncemontana utilis.
Asclepiadacece.—Cynanchum viminale.
Convolvulacece.—Convolvulus scammonia (Scammony); Ipomcea purgans (Jalap).
Compositm.—Carlina gummifera; Ceradia furcata (Bdellium).
Styracacem.—Styrax spp. (Benzoin, Storax).
Artocarpacece.—Artocarpus integrzfolia.
Moracece.—Ficus spp.
Altingiacece.—Liquidambar spp. (Storax).
Aquilariacece,—Aguilaria spp. (Lignum Aloes or Agar).
Betulacece.—Betula alba.
Coniferce.—Abies spp., Pinus spp. (Rosin, Turpentines); Araucaria spp.; Danzmara spp. (Copal, Dammar); Callitris spp. (Sandarach) ; Juniperus communis.
Liliacem.—Draccena spp. (Dragon's-blood); Xanthorrhcea spp. (Xanthorrheea). Palmacece.—Dmmonorops spp. (Dragon's-blood).
Detection of Resins, Gum-resins, ancl Balsams.—The following scheme for the recognition of the more important resins. gum-resins, and balsams (oleo-resins) is due to Hirschsohn, whose researches in this direction arc well known. The reagents employed are :—(1) Sulphuric acid, sp. gr. 1.820 ; (2) alcoholic hydrochloric acid, obtained by saturating 95-per-cent. alcohol with dry hydrochloric acid gas ; (3) solution of 1 part bromine in 20 parts chloroform ; (4) saturated solution of calcium chloride in distilled water at the ordinary temperature ; (5) solution of 1 part perchloride of iron in 10 parts 95-per-cent alcohol ; (6) saturated solution of neutral lead acetate in 95-per-cent.
alcohol ; (7) solution of ammonia, sp. gr. O. 980 ; (8) solution of pure sodium carbonate crystals in distilled water ; (9) Fronde's test : 1 centigram sodium molybdate in 1 cc. sulphuric acid ; (10) im pure chloral hydrate, containing alcoholate ; (11) saturated solution of iodine in petroleum-spirit boiling at 60° (140° F.). The author's names have been retained : they sometimes differ from those adopted in this article, and it is not always apparent what precise product is intended in the absence of the botanical source, e. g. Borneo copal.
Completely soluble in Chloroform.
Completely soluble in Ether.
A, Ethereal solution becomes turbid after addition of alcohol.
Alcoholic solution gives with perchloride of iron a turbidity that disappears on boiling. Chloral reagent colours violet—Canada Balsam.
II. Alcoholic solution gives no turbidity with perchloride of iron.
1. The drug is liquid and forms a clear mixture with petroleum-sphit boiling below 40° (104° F.).
a. Bromine solution colours the chloroform solution yellowish, then violet and blue—Maranham Copaiba.
b. Bromine solution produces no colour—Para Copaiba.
2. The drug is solid, and dissolves only partially in petroleum-spirit. Iodine solution colours red-violet—Ordinary Mastic.
B. Ethereous solution forms clear mixture with alcohol.
Perfectly soluble in alcohol.
1. Perchloride of iron colours the alcoholic solution blue.
a. Lead acetate gives a precipitate with alcoholic solution. Sulphuric acid dissolves the drug with a cherry-red colour—Guaiacum.
b. Lead acetate gives no precipitate. Sulphuric acid dissolves the drug with a yellow-brown colour—Carana Resin (Aceyta americana).
2. Perehloride of iron colours the alcoholic solution brownish or greenish.
“. Lead acetate gives with the alcoholic solution a precipitate that is not dissolved by boiling. Sodium carbonate solution dissolves part at the ordinary temperature. Chloral test colours tho ovaporation-residue of a petroleum-spirit extract gradually red-videt with blue streaks—C,oniferous Rosins.