Imports and Exports.—Our imports of bones of animals and fish for manurial purposes, in 1879, were :—From the Argentine Republic, 26,929 tons, 149,541/. ; British E. Indies, 6678 tons, 38,5671. ; Turkey, 5828 tons, 32,8451. ; Russia, 5123 tons, 31,3151.; Brazil, 3989 tons, 23,156/. ; Uruguay, 3394 tons, 18,794/. ; Italy, 1981 tons, 11,691/. ; Chili, 1877 tons, 10,458/. ; other countries, 8439 tons, 49,405/. ; total, 64,238 tons, 365,772/.
Our imports of guano in the same year were :—From Peru, 44,325 tons, 480,927/. ; Islands in the Pacific other than Fiji, 10,938 tons, 48,832l.; Bolivia, 7232 tons, 44,9371.; Australia, 4054 tons, 18,6441. ; W. coast of Africa, not particularly designated, 3517 tons, 45,421/. ; China, 1472 tons, 15,500/. ; Patagonia, 1412 tons, 7498/. ; Chili, 1150 tons, 13,8001. ; Uruguay, 596 tons, 4682/. ; other countries, 2859 tons, 24,207/. ; total, 77,015 tons, 704,448/.
Our imports of unenumerated manures in the same year were :—From the United States, 109,378 tons, 293,302/. ; Germany, 38,659 tons, 112,213/. ; France, 18,411 tons, 34,4211. ; Portugal, 10,593 tons, 37,219/. ; Dutch W. Indies, 9144 tons, 52,501/. ; British N. America, 8129 tons, 29,917/. ; Belgium, 6726 tons, 15,927/. ; British W. Indies, 5478 tons, 26,714/. ; Hayti and St. Domingo, 2190 tons, 6747/. ; other countries, 6636 tons, 32,496/. ; total, 215,344 tons, 641,4571.
The values of our exports of unenumerated manures in 1879 were :—To Germany, 542,860/. ; France, 121,300/. ; British Guiana, 79,530/. ; foreign W. Indies, 54,928/. ; Russia, 48,370/. ; Sweden and Norway, 45,330/. ; Denmark, 22,860/. ; Belgium, 20,865/. ; Channel Islands, 19,6931. ; Holland, 18,850/. ; British W. Indies, 15,370/. ; Spain and Canaries, 12,188/. ; Mauritius, 10,2001. ; other countries, 25,716/. ; total, 1,024,832/.
Bibliography.—J. C. Nesbit, ' Natural Guanos ' (London : 1860); C. Morfit, Chemical Conver sion of Guanos, Coprolites, and Phosphates' (London : 1873); J. J. Harris Teall, The Pottou and Wicken Phosphatic Deposits,' Sedgwick prize-essay for 1873 (Cambridge : 1875) ; J. Adams, Arsenic in Vapours of Bone-Manure' (Edinburgh : 1876); J. Harris,' Talks on Manures' (New York : 1878): A. Sibson, ' Artificial Manures' (London : 1878) ; A. Villanueva, Salitres i Guauos del Desierto de Atacama' (Santiago : 1878) ; W. Crookes, Ville's Artificial Manures' (London : 1879) ; R. H. Twigg, Sombrero Islands, and Submarine Quarrying of Phosphate of Lime,' Soc. Civil and Mech. Eng. (London : 1881) ; S. Pick, Kiinstlichan Diingemittel ' (Vienna and Leipzig).
(See Acids—Sulphuric ; Assaying ; Bones ; Cements—Glue ; Leather.)