Alma glutinosa bark, the common alder, contains about 16 per cent. of tannin.
Cwsalpinia Cacalaco fruits, the cascalote of Mexico, are very rich in tannic and gallic acide, and locally used for tanning.
Comptonia asplenifolia leaves, the eweet-fern of the United States, contain 9-10 per cent. of tannin. Coriaria ruscifolia bark, the tutu of New Zealand, contains 16-17 per cent. of tannin.
Elceocarpus dentatus bark, the kirt-hinau of New Zealand, contains 21-22 per cent. of tannin.
E. Hookerianus bark, the pokako of New Zealand, contains 9-10 per cent. of tannin.
Ephedra antisyphilitica, on the„table-landa of Arizona and Utah, gives 11-12 per cent. of tannin.
Eucalyptus longifolia bark, the " woolly-butt " of Australia, containa 8•3 per cent. of tannic acid and 2.8 of gallio. The " peppermint " tree contains 20 per cent. of tannic acid in ita hark. The " stringy-bark" (E. obligua) gives 13i per cent. of kinotannio acid. The Victorian " iron-hark " (E. leucoxylon) oontains 22 per cent. of kinotannio acid, hut is available only for inferior leather.
Eugenia Haire hark, the whatchako of New Zealand, contains 16-17 per cent of tannin. E. Smithil bark, the " myrtle "-tree of Australia, contains 17 per cent. of tannic acid and 3-4 of gallic.
Fuchsia macrostemma root-bark is thin, brittle, and eaaily exhausted ; it contains about 25 per cent. of a bright-red tannin, which haa been successfully tried. It ia the churco bark of Chili, which, however, is attributed by the Kow authorities to Oxalis gigantea.
Inga Feuillei poda, the pay-pay of Peru, contain 24 per cent. of an almost colourlees tannin. Laurus Pomo rind is used in Chili for tanning uppere.
Malpiyhia punicifolia bark, the nauoite, or manguitta bark of Nicaragua, contains 20-30 per oent. of a very light-coloured tannin.
Persea Lingue bark is red-brown, soft, and easily exhausted by water ; it contains 20-24 per cent. of tannin, and much slimy matter which promotes the swelling of the hides. It serves in S. America, especially in the Chilian province of Valdivia, for tanning Valdivia leather. In S. Chili, are enormous forests of the tree. The imported bark has given good results with heavy leathers.
Phyllocladus tricomanoides bark, the kiri-toa-toa of New Zealand, contains 23 per cent. of tannin.
Polygonum amphibium leaves, an annual plant abundant in the Missouri Valley, contain 18 per cent. of tannin, and can be mown and stacked like hay. It is largely used in Chicago tanneries, and said to give a leather which is tougher, more durable, of finer texture, and capable of higher polish, than that tanned with oak-bark.
Punica Granatum fruit-rind, the pomegranate, contains about 13.6 per cent. of a tannin like myroba1ans, and a considerable quantity of starch ; the tannin is greatest in the bitter kind, which is used for preparing naoroeco-leather ; the root-bark also is rich in tannin.
Rhizophora Mangle bark, the mangrove, of Venezuela, contains 24-30 per cent. of deep-red tannin, if obtained from young stems ; samples from the W. Indies have given 11.94 per ceut., probably by the gelatine process ; two samples from Shanghai, by Lowenthal's improved method, gave respectively 9.8 and 9.5 per cent. ealculated as oak tannin, and 71.96 and 78.52 of woody fibre. Guayaquil exported 9328 cwt. of the bark to Peru in 1879.
Tecoma pentaphylla bark, the roble colorado of Venezuela, contains 27 per cent. of tannin, accompanied by a soluble orange-red colouring matter.
Wagatea spicata pods contain 15 per cent. of tannic acid. The plant, a serambling shrub, is a native of the Coneans.
Weinmannia racemosa bark, the tawhero towai, or kamai of New Zealand, contains 12-13 per cent. of tannin.
Bibliography.—J. G. Neubrand, Die Gerbrinde (Frankfurt-a-M. : 1869) ; J. Wiesner, 'Die Rohstoffe de Pflanzenreiehes ' (Leipzig : 1873); • Wattle Bark ' (Rep. Board Inquiry, Melbourne : 1878); L. Wittmack, Die Nntzpflanzen aller Zonen ' (Berlin : 1879) ; W. MclVlurtrie, 4Culture of Sumac, and preparation for market ' (Dep. Agr. spec. rep. No. 26, Washington : 1880); A. Hansen, Die Quebracho-Rinde ' (Berlin : 1880) ; R. J. Bernardin, 'Classification de 350 Matieres Tannantes ' (Gand : 1880); F. R. v. Hahne], Die Gerberinden ' (Berlin : 1880).