Sylhet, in 1874, had 19,190 acres in tea-gardens, of which 5297 were actually under cultiva tion. The out-turn was 567,567 lb. In 1876, it was estimated at 655,600 lb. The average per acre of mature plants (upwards of 2 years) is 111 lb., as against 200 lb. for the swhole province. Sylhet and Cachar combined gave 4,600,000 lb. in 1870, and 9,000,000 lb. in 1878. Darjeeling, the Terai, and the Dooars had 144 gardens, yielding 7,530,940 lh. in 1878, and 152 gardens, affording 5,538,040 lb. in 1879. Chittagong-produced about 1,000,000 lb. in 1878 ; and other outlying districts, about 500,000 lb.
Japan.—The tea-plant grows well here, and tea forms one of the chief exports to foreig-n countries, not even excluding China itself. The best leaf comes from the neighbourhood of Uji, in the province of Yamashiro, to the S.-E. of Kieto ; hut tea is also largely produced in the fertile district in the east of the main island, and exported from Yokohama. Japanese tea is driving Chinese green tea from the American market ; 11,000,000 lb. went there in 1879.
Java.—The tea-gardens of Java are situated n3ostly in the Batavian department of Buitenzorg, and in the Preanger Regencies. The production of tea was stated at 5,700,000 lb. in 1879. The Chinese variety is the only one grown to any extent ; trials are being made with the Assam shrub, but have not yet had any practical result. The Java teas are somewhat similar to-Assams, and are readily saleable in England, where they are chiefly used for mixing with Indian. The 1879 crop was exported thus :—England, 31,814 picu/s and cases; Holland, 31,382; Persian Gulf, 930 ; Australia, 440 ; Japan, 100 ; Singapore, 68.
Adulterants and Substitutes.—The adulterants of tea are exceedingly numerous, and the Chinese manifest wonderful skill in this direction. Among the first class of adulterants, viz. foreign leaves, are included those of the ash, plum, dog-rose, .Rhamnus spp., Rhododendron spp., and Chrysan themum spp., as well as tea-stalks and paddy-husks, all for the purpose of increasing the bulk ; also the scented flowers of Olea fragrans, Chloranthus inconspicuus, Aglaia odorata, Camellia Sasangua, Gardenia florida, Jasminum Sambac and other species, to impart fragrance to inferior samples. Some times the true tea is almost replaced by a factitious compound known as " lie-tea," composed of a little tea-dust, blended with foreign leaves, sand, aud magnetic iron by means cf a solution of starch, and coloured with graphite, turmeric, indigo, Prussian blue, or China clay, according to the kind of tea it is intended to simulate. Mineral adulterants are used to give weight and colour. In addition to those employed in the fabrication of lie-tea, are soapstone and gypsum. The adulteration practised after the arrival of the tea in this country embraces the substitution or admixture of the leaves of the beech, box, elm, hawthorn, horse-chestnut, fancy oak, plane, bastard plane, poplar, sloe, sycamore, and willow, and artificial colouring by means of cutch, indigo, Dutch and rose pinks, sulphate of iron, Venetian red, chromates of lead and potash, carbonates of copper, lime and magnesia, arsenite of copper, and Prussian blue.
Besides the well-known varieties or species of Thea, two new kinds have recently been described by Consul E. Colborne Baber. One is grovvn by the monks on Mount Omi (Ngomi), and gives an infusion tasting like coarse Congou highly sweetened with brown sugar. The other is found wild in the uninhabited wilderness west of Kiating and south of Yachow, at 6000 ft. and upwards, notably on the Hwang-mu-chang plateau, among the gorges of the Tung river ; it is a shrub 15 ft. high with a stem 4 in. thick ; every part except the root is used in the infusion, which
has a buttery flavour. A third new species is reported from the neighbourhood of Trebizonde where the leaves are picked and sun-dried, and sent in large quantities to Persia.
The name " tea " has been popularly applied to many other plants, the principal being as follows :—Abyssinian or Arabian (Catha Nelastrus] edulls), the leaves of which are used by the Arabs in the preparation of a beverage possessing similar properties to tea ; Appalachian (Viburnum cassinoides and Prinos glaber), the infusion of the latter resembling mate ; Australian (Leptospermum and Ilelaleuca spp.): the leaves of L. lanigerum, of Tasmania and S.-E. Australia, were used as tea by the early colonists, for 31elaleuca see Cajuput-oil, p. 1418 ; Bencoolen (Glaphyria nitida), whose leaves are infused like tea by the Malays ; blue mountain or golden rod (Solidago odora); Botany Bay (Smilax glyciphylla), in Australia ; Bourbon or Faham (Angrcecum fragrans), largely grown in Bourbon, and the leaves made into an aromatic tea-like beverage ; Brazilian (Stachytarpha [Stachytarpheta] jamaicensis), whose leaves are said to possess medicinal virtues, being sold in Austria as " Brazilian tea," and sometimes used to adulterate tea ; bush (Cyclopia genistoides), the leaves of which have a tea-like fragrance, and are used in infusion at the Cape to promote expectoration ; Canary (Ada cananensts); Carolina (Ilex vormtoria); coffee leaf (aee Coffee, p. 707); gout (Cordia globosa), in the W. Indies ; Jesuits' (Psoralea glandulosa), the cuing of Chili, whose leaves give a not very aromatic infusion. and are more useful as a vermifuge and stomachic ; Labrador (see Narcotics—Ledum, p. 1308); lemon-grass (see p. 1421), the leavea of which are used like tea in the interior of India ; Malay (Eugenia roariabilis), see also Bencoolen ; Mexican (Ambrina ambrosioides), used medicinally as a vermifnge and anti spasmodie (also Psoralea glandulosa); mountain (Gaultheria procumbens), whose leaves are used to flavour tea, or as a subatitute (see also Wintergreen-oil, p. 1431); New Jersey (Ceanothus aynencanus), the leavea of which were used as t,ea during the American War of Independence ; New Zealand (Leptospermum scoparium), allied to and used like Australian tea : Oswego (Mottarda didyma), so called from the leaves being sometimes used as tea in America; paigle- (pagle, peagle) tea, an infusion of the dried blossoms of the cowslip (Primula teris), possessing narcotic properties, and drunk in some counties of England; Paraguay-tea or mate is an infusion of the leaves ef Ilex parapayensis and probably I. Gongonha and L theezans, which are prepared by roasting the branches on hurdles over a wood fire, and then beating the dried leaves to powder by sticks on a hard floor ; 3 kinds are distinguished : caa-cuys, the half-expanded leaf-buds; caa-rniri, the leaf deprived of midrib and veina withont roasting; caa-guaza or yerna de polos, the whole leaf with the petioles and small branchea roasted ; the consumption in S. America ia 8 million lb. yearly ; saloop-tea is an infusion of sassafras (called " sassafras-tea") flavoured with milk and sugar, and aaid to be formerly drunk by the working claw:lea in London ; South Sea, see Carolina ; sweet, see Botany Bay ; theezan-tea is an infusion of the leavea of the tia (Sageretia thcezans), native of Penang, the Philippines, and S. China, and said to be aometimes uaed as tea by the poorer Chineae; W. Indian (Capraria by:flora); wild (Amorpha canescens).