Copaiba-balsam-oil.—Copaiba-balsam (see Resinous Substances—Copaiba) contains 40-60 per cent. of volatile oil, according to its age and botanical origin. It is obtained by aqueous distil lation. It is a thin, colourless body, resembling the balsam in odour and flavour, boiling at 245° (473° F.) or even higher, soluble in 8-30 parts of alcohol at sp. gr., and varying in density from sp. gr. 0.88 to Coriander-oil.—The fruits of Coriandrum sativum (see Spices—Coriander) yield per cent. of volatile oil, which is extracted by bruising them, and subjecting to aqueous distillation The ail is colourless or yellowish, with the odour and flavour of tho fruits, sp. gr. and boils (not constantly) at 150° (302° F.).
Cubebs-oil.—The fruits of Piper Cubeba (see Drugs—Cubebs, p. 809) yield 4-13 per cent. of volatile oil by aqueous distillation. This variation is due in part to the constitution of the drug, but also to the alterability of the oil. It is thick and colourless, the portion which distils last in rectifying having almost the consistence of butter ; its sp. gr. is 0.936; it is composed of a small quantity of an oil boiling at 158°-163° (316r-325i° F.), and two other ails (each bailing at 262°-265° (503P-509° F.); its odour is faint and aromatic, and it has a warm flavour of camphor and peppermint.
Other oils from Piper spp. are described under Matico and Pepper (pp. 1424, 1425).
crushed fruits of Anethum graveolens (see Drugs—Dill, p. 810), submitted to aqueous distillation, yield 3-4 per cent. of essential oil, composed of two or more hydrocarbons. The oit is skimmed from the distillate, and the latter forms commercial dill-water. The oil may be used in mixtures for perfuming soap.
Elder-oil.—The flowers of the elder (Sambucus nigra) afford a very small percentage of essential oil by distillation. It has a buttery consistence, light-yellow colour, a strong odour of the flowers, and a bitter, burning, afterwards cooling flavour.
Elemi-oil. elemi (see Resinous Substances—Elemi) affords nearly 10 per cent. of volatile oil by aqueous distillation. It is colourless, neutral, with a fragrant odour of the resin, an acrid flavour, sp. gr. 0.861 at 15° (59° F.), and boils at 166°-174° (331°-363° F.).
Eucalyptus-oils.—Essential oils of daily increasing importance are obtained by aqueous distillation of the leaves and branchlets of many species of Eucalyptus (see Timber). The oil of
B. amygdalina per cent.) is thin, pale-yellow, of pungent, coarse, lemon-like odour, mild, cooling, afterwards hitter flavour, sp. gr. at 15° (59° F.), boils at 165°-188° (329°-374° F.), becomes resinous in the air, deposits a stearoptene at —18° (0° F.), which melts at —3° (26° F.) ; the oil is used in medicine, disinfecting, and perfumery. E. oleosa: 200 on from 1000 lb. of leaves and twigs, thin, fluid, pale-yellow ; mild, camphoraceous, turpentinous flavour ; mint-like odour ; sp. gr. 0.911; boils at 161°-177° (322°-350° F.). E. sideroxylon: limpid, thin, pale-yellow, odour and flavour like E. oleosa, sp. gr. 0.923, boils at (311°-352f F.). E. goniocalyx: pale-yellow colour, pungent, penetrating, rather disagreeable odour, very unpleasant flavour, ap. gr. 0.918, boils at 152°-175° F.). E. globules: per cent., thin, very pale yellow colour, cajuput-like odour, cooling, mint-like flavour, ap. gr. 0.917, boils at F.), used !medicinally. E. corymboza colourless, slight odour of lemon and rose, bitterish, camphor-like flavour, Bp. gr. 0'881 at 15° (59° F.). E. obliques : reddish-yellow colour, mild odour, bitter flavour, sp. gr. 0.899, boils at 171°-195° (340°-383° F.), becomes turbid at - 18° (0° F.). E. fissilis : pale reddish-yellow colour, odour like E. obligna, ep. gr. 0.903, boils at 177° ]96° (350r-385° F.). E. odorata: pale-yellowish, with greenish tinge, aromatic odour, sp. gr. 0'899-0'922, boils at 157°-199° (314r-390°F.). E. rostrata: pale-yellow to rtddish-amber, odour and flavour like E. odorata, sp. gr. 0'918, boils at (278r-358° F.). E. longifolia : oily consistence, cooling, aromatic flavour, fragrant, camphor-like odour, sp. gr. 0.940, boils at 194°-215° (381°-419° F.). E. viminalis : pale yellowish-green, mild disagreeable odour, ep. gr. boils at 159°-182° (318°-359r F.). E. citriodora yields fairly, and is a good cosmetic. E. dumosa : excel lent for oil- and spirit-varnishes. All these oils are manufactured on an industrial scale by J. Boeiato, of Richmond, Victoria. They (that of E. oleosa is most commonly used) dissolve the following substances in a tescending degree :—Camphor, rosin, mastic, callitris-sandarac, elemi, sandarac, kauri, dammar, asphalt, xanthorrlitea-resin, dragon's-blood, benzoin, copal, amber, anime, shellac, caoutchouc, bees'-wax ; guttapercha ie not dissolved.