Jupati-oil.—The fruit of the jupati-palm, Raphia [Sagas] tcedigera, which is equally or more important as a fibre-plant (see Fibrous Substances, p. 994), affords a yellowish, bitter oil, by decoction and expression, used locally for soap-making.
Kanari- or Java-almond-oil.—The kanari or Java almond (Canariurn commune) is indi genous in the Moluccas, where it affords shade to the nutmeg plantations, and is cultivated also in Java, throughout the Indian Archipelago, in Malabar, and on the Indian peninsula. It bears a nut resembling the almond in shape and flavour, but much exceeding it in size. The nut affords a very large proportion of oil by simple expression. This oil is prepared by the inhabitants of the Moluccas on an extensive scale, and is in general use among them for cooking when fresh, and for burning in lamps, superseding coco-nut-oil. In India, also, the oil is employed for all culinary purposes, and is considered purer and more palatable than coco-nut-oil. The nut is very generally eaten without being deprived of its oil. The trees of this genus also afford gums or resins (see Resinous Sub stances).
Katiow-oil.—This is extracted by the natives of Borneo from the seeds of a tree, chiefly pro duced on the Sadong, Linga, and Kallekka rivers, and exported to Sarawak and other places. It is yellow-coloured, and has an odour precisely resembling almond-oil ; it is valued locally for cook ing and for lamps, burning with a bright flame and pleasant aroma. It is very cheap and abundant, and might be valuable to soap-makers and perfumers.
Keenatel-oil.—The seeds of Calophylluni tomentosum yield a great quantity of oil in Ceylon, where it is used in lamps.
Kikuel-oi].—This name is sometimes applied in India to the fatty oil of some species of Salvadora. It is a solid fat, of a dull, sulphury-yellow colour.
Kukui- or Kekune-oil (FR., Huile de Noix de Bancoul.)—An oil bearing a multitude of names is obtained from the candle-nut (see p. 1352). It is the most important product of the tree, and con stitutes about y of the entire weight of the kernel of the nut. A great obstacle to its wider development is the difficulty encountered in extracting the kernels from the shells, both on account of the extreme hardness of the latter, and the obstinacy with which the two adhere. Boiling is out
of the question, as the kernels are cooked long before the shells are affected ; but there is every reason to suppose that a slight roasting would have the desired effect, inasmuch as this plan seems to be adopted successfully by the Samoans. The weight of the shells necessitates this treatment being performed on the spot, and, as the kernels quickly become rancid and dark-coloured after liberation, they must also be operated upon without removal. The local cheapness of labour ie an additional argument in favour of preparing the oil at the places where the nut grows. The extraction of the oil is very simple. In Jamaica, Polynesia, and the E. Indies, 50 per cent. is obtained by boiling the kernels in water ; by reducing the kernels to meal, heating In a water-bath, and placing the mass in bags under hydraulic pressure, the yield is about 60-66 per cent. Tho shells are themselves excellent fuel. The oil is completely clarified by mere filtration. As ordinarily prepared, it is amber-coloured, tasteless and odourless ; slightly viscid at the temperature of the air in England, congealing at 0° (32° F.) ; its sp. gr. is ; it is insoluble is alcohol, and saponifies readily, giving a very soft soda-soap. It is locally need in small quantities, while fresh, in cooking and medicine; but it is much more extensively employed as a lamp-oil, giving a brilliant light, without any objectionable odour. It dries less rapidly than liuseed-oil, and is used for mixing paints and making oil-varnishes. It ie said to corrode tin-plate and even platinum. Its commercial value is placed at the same figure as colza- and gingelly-oils. The cake is useless as cattle-food, on account of its purging qualities, but would make valuable manure. In 1843, 8600 gal. of the oil were shipped from Honolulu (Sandwich Islands), valued at Is. 8d. a gal.; and in 1862, the exports from the group were 10,000 gal. yearly, destined for the ports on the W. coast of S. America.