Abstinence And Production 1
Abstinence And Production 1. Dynamic Movement Of Saving. § 2. Orderly Government Favorable To Saving. 4 3. Private Property Favorable To Saving. § 4. Opportunities For Investment. § 5. Get-rich-quick Schemes. § 6. Slower And Safer Plans. 4 7. Relation Of The Interest Rate And Saving. § 8. Bountiful In ...
Agents For Changing Stuff
Agents For Changing Stuff And Form 1. Variety In The Objects Of Desire. F 2. Increasing Range Of Choice And Use Of Goods. F 3. Historical View Of Increasing Indirectness Of Uses. F 4. Goods With Indirect Uses. F 5. Direct And Indirect Uses Of The Same Good. F 8. ...
Agents For Effecting Changes
Agents For Effecting Changes Of Place And Time § 1. Transportation. § 2. Location As An Element In Value. § 3. Re Lation Of Time To Value. 1 4. Indirect Agents For Hastening The Uses Of Goods. § 5. Agencies For Postponing The Uses Of Goods. § 8. Increasing Control ...
And Conservation 1 Consumption
Consumption, And Conservation 1. Changes In The Land Supply. 5 2. New Land Supplies By Means Of Drainage And Irrigation. F 3. Abuse Of Agricultural Land. 5 4. Means Of Restoring Lost Fertility. 5. Land For Products Other Than Food. 8. Destruction Of The Natural Forests. F 7. Rapid Consumption ...
Capitalization And Interest
Capitalization And Interest § 1. Interest Subsequent To Time-price. 1 2. Origin And Definition Of The Term,tnterest. § 3. Interest Versus Income, Or Gross Versus Net In Terest. A 4. Concealed Rate Of Interest. § 5. Commercial Paper. 1 6. Mercantile Cash Discounts. § 7. Long-time Loans. I 8. Special ...
Capitalization Of Monetary Incomes
Capitalization Of Monetary Incomes 1 1. Buying With Money. 2. Capitalization Of Agricultural Land Incomes. 1 3. Years' Purchase And Rate Of Income On Capital. 4. Price And Rate Of Income. 1 5. Bonds And Mortgages As Saleable Incomes. I 6. Price Of Variable Terminable Incomes. 1 7. Depreciation Funds. ...
Choice And Value I
Choice And Value I 1. Choice; Its Origin. Ii 2. Development Of Conscious Choice. 3. The Idea Of Scarcity. Ii 4. Valuation. If 5. One's Own Labor As A Valu Ation Unit. I 6. Crusoe's Scale Of Valuations. 7. Choice Before And After Valuation. 8. Value. Notes On Aspects Of ...
Competition And Monopoly 1
Competition And Monopoly 1. Competition Defined. 2. Naturalness Of Competition. F 3. Con Flicting Interests Of Competition. Nature Of Monopoly. 11 5. Mo Nopoly Not Merely Scarcity. Monopoly Not Merely Superior Economic Power. 1 7. Partial Competition Coexisting With Monopoly. 1 8. Abso Lute And Relative Monopoly. 1 9. Motives ...
Conditions For Efficient Labor
Conditions For Efficient Labor § 1. Subjective And Objective Factors Of Efficiency. 5 2. Food And Efficiency. I 3. Clothing And Housing. 4. Schooling. § 5. Political Security And Honest Government. Ii 6. Effect Of Caste Upon Efficiency. 7. American Democracy And Efficiency. § 8. Balance Of Advantage Be Tween ...
Consumption And Duration
Consumption And Duration § 1. Consumptive And Non-consumptive Uses Of Goods. F 2. Direct Uses, Consumptive And Durative. 3. Indirect Uses, Consumptive And Dura Tive. 14. The Single Consumptive Use. 0 5. No Economic Goods Abso Lutely Durable. F 6. Inevitable Depreciation. § 7. Using Up Of Agri Cultural Land. ...
Costs And Competitive Prices
Costs And Competitive Prices 5 1. Competitive Prices And Unequal Costs Of Competition. 5 2. Selling And Cost-finding. 5 3. Examples Of Joint Costs. F 4. Main Classes Of Costs. 5 5. The Problem Of Cost Accounting. 5 6. Homogeneous Products With Unequal Costs. 5 7. Principle Of Charging What ...
Decreasing And Increasing Returns
Decreasing And Increasing Returns 11 1. Estimates Of The World's Population. 11 2. Population Growth In Europe Since 1800. F 3. Increase Since 1790 In America. F 4. Relation Of Population To Resources. 5 5. Birth Rates. F 6. Death Rates. 7. Population Growth And Intensive Cultivation. 5 8. Law ...
Economic Principles Purposeand
Economic Principles - Purpose And Nature Of Economics 1. Definition Of Economics. ¢ 2. Economics Contrasted With The Nat Ural Sciences. I 3. Science As Abstraction. I 4. Science And Art. ¢ 5. Place Of Economics Among The Sciences. I 6. Subdivisions Of Economics. 7. Economy In The Sense Of ...
Enterprise 1 1
Enterprise 1 1. Factors Of Production Must Be Combined. § 2. Non-contractual And Contractual Incomes. § 3. From Small Shop To Large Factory. 14. The Residual Share. F 5. The Typical Owner-manager. § 8. Empirical Methods Of Estimating And Apportioning The Residual Share. § 7. Utmost Possible Degree Of Separation ...
Foreword To Economists And
Foreword To Economists And Teachers The General Texts In Political Economy From The Middle Of The Nineteenth Century Have Been To A Remarkable Degree Conventionalized. The Ambition Of Successive Writers Has Been "to Modernize Mill" Rather Than To Modernize Economics. Books Continue To Appear, Repeating With Little Essential Change The ...
Goods And Psychic Income
Goods And Psychic Income § 1. Inherent Physical Nature Of Things. § 2. Free Goods And Economic Goods. I 3. Harmful Objects. 14. Value And True Welfare. I 5. Gratifi Cation Of Desire. I 6. The Idea Of Income. I 7. Psychic Income. § 8. Motivating Force Of Psychic Income. ...
Human Beings And Their
Human Beings And Their Economic Services 1. Man And Wealth As Economic Agents. F 2. Labor As Contributing To Income. 1 3. Psychic Income Gained In Play. I 4. Play- And Labor Motives Mingled. 1 5. Disagreeable Labor. I 8. Physical Differences Among Men. 1 7. Comparative Strength Of Men ...
Human Beings And Their_2
Human Beings And Their Economic Services 175 Action Itself. Actions Which Have No Objective Aim, No Pur Pose (except Of Course Making The Points Of The Game, E.g., Crossing The Goal) Outside The Pleasure Of The Mere Doing, Are Play. Play Is Not Dependent On A Useful Objective Result Later ...
Machinery And Wages 1
Machinery And Wages 1. Progressive Control Over Natural Conditions. 1 2. Labor-saving Invention As A Dynamic Factor. 1 3. The Lump Of Labor Notion. 1 4. Evils Of "the Industrial Revolution." F 5. Some Evils Of The Introduction Of Machinery. F 6. Loss To The Less Efficient Workers. F 7. ...
Management Ii 1
Management Ii 1. The Function Of Management. § 2. Direction Of Simple And In Terrelated Groups. # 3. Selection Of Managed And Of Managers. § 4. Division Of Labor In Management. * 5. A Large Commercial Policy. F 6. Obtaining Of Capital. § 7. Profit-seeking Borrowers And The Rate Of ...
Money And Capitalization 1
Money And Capitalization 1. The Functions Of Money. F 2. The Standard Of Deferred Payments. 3. Property. F 4. Wealth And Property Rights. F 5. Origin Of Capi Tal; Its Definition. F 6. Capitalization Of Direct Durative Agents. F 7. Capitalization Of Indirect Durative Agents. F 8. Time-price Without! Loans. ...
Money And Markets
Money And Markets § 1. Money And Evaluation. § 2. Origin Of Money. § 3. The Use Of Money And Money-prices. § 4. The Standard Price Unit. § 5. Repre Sentative Quality Of Money. § 8. The Sale At Auction. § 7. Bids In Relation To Valuations. § 8. Effect ...
Monopoly Prices Large Production 1
Monopoly-prices; Large Production 1. Tests Of Monopoly Control. § 2. Uniform Monopoly-price In Rela Tion To Costs. § 3. General Principle Of Uniform Monopoly-price And Cost. § 4. Temporary And Limited Monopoly And Discrimination. § 5. Theory Of Discriminatory Monopoly-prices. § 8. Problem Of The Economy Of Large Production. 7. ...
Principles Of Evaluation I
Principles Of Evaluation I 1. Quality, A Reflection Of Desire. § 2. Substitution Of Goods. § 3. The Principle Of Substitution. § 4. Substitution Of Like And Of Unlike Goods. * 5. Complementary Goods. § 6. Changes Of Desires And Of Valu Ations. 17. Effect Of Repeated Stimuli On Our ...
Principles Of Price 1
Principles Of Price 1. Buyers' Composite Valuation Curve. 9 2. Sellers' Composite Valuation Curve. 9 3. Price The Resultant Of Demand And Supply. § 4. The Market As A Two-sided Auction. 9 5. Supply And Demand Coordinate In Price-determination. 9 8. Price In A Permanent Market. 9 7. Effect Of ...
Principles Of Rent 1
Principles Of Rent 1. Divergence Of Actual Rents From Competitive Rents. ¢ 2. Gross And Net Rent To The Owner. ¢ 3. Different Grades Of Fertility As Affect Ing Rent. F 4. Different Costs Of Cultivation As Affecting Rent. 5. Dif Ferences In Location As Affecting Rent. 6. The General ...
Principles Of Wages 1
Principles Of Wages 1. The Price Of Labor. 12. The Self-directing Laborer's Income From Sale Of Products. 3. Shifting Of Labor To The Point Of Highest Return To The Laborer. 4. Fees For Temporary Direct Services. ¢ 5. The Con Tinuous Wage-contract For Personal Service. I 6. Price Of Labor ...
Profits And Costs 1
Profits And Costs 1. The Broader Meaning Of Profits. F 2. Conception Of Pure Profits. 3. Dual Character Of Investment Profit. F 4. Enterprise And Risk. I 5. Pure Profit The Most Variable Income. 6. Meanings Of Cost. 1 7. Superficial View Of Costs And Prices. I 8. Costs Adjusted ...
Rate Of Time Preference 1
Rate Of Time-preference 1. Subjective Rate Of Time-preference. 1 2. Time-preference Showing In Care And Repairs. § 3. Time-preference Showing In Production Of In Direct Agents. 4. Time-preference Rate Pervading An Economy. 1 5. Time-preference And Moral Weakness. I6. Beginnings Of Durative Di Rect Goods. F 7. Valuation Of Durative ...
Saving And Borrowing Ii
Saving And Borrowing Ii 1. Abstinence Of The Conservative Kind. Ii 2. Cumulative Abstinence. § 8. The Chronic Improvident Borrower. Another Type Of Necessitous, Would-be Borrower Is The Chronic Improvident. Not Only Mental Incompetents And Drunkards, But Many Hon Est Families Live Always Near The Border Of Want. It Needs ...
The Concept Of Usance Value
The Concept Of Usance-value 1 1. Usance And Usufruct: Definitions. 1 2. Usance-value Of Agents Yielding Products Of Like Grade. 5 3. Usance-value Of Agents Yielding Products Of Different Grades. 5 4. Effect Of The Presence Of One Agent Upon The Usance-value Of Another. § 5. Usance-value Determining Utili Zation. ...
The Principle Of Proportionality
The Principle Of Proportionality 1 1. The Principle Of Proportionality; Its General Nature. F 2. Cost And Sacrifice Defined. F 3. Sacrifice Of Effort A Matter Of Proportion. 4. Sacrifice Involved In Common Use By Several Users. I 5. Gross And Net Uses. # 6. The Doctrine Of Separable Uses. ...
The Problem Of Population
The Problem Of Population 1 1. Introduction: Static And Dynamic Problems Of Economics. 1 2.. A Static Economy. 1 3. Dynamics And The Social Point Of View. 1 4. Rhythmic Change And Cumulative Change. 1 5. Some Forces Making For Change. 1 6. Population-change As A Dynamic Force. 1 7. ...
The Renting Contract 1
The Renting Contract 1 1. Price Of The Separable Use. § 2. Medieval Land Tenures And The Usance Of Land. § 3. Land Destruction And Repair. ¢ 4. The Medieval Rent-charge As A Sale Of Income. § 5. Definition Of The Renting Contract. 1 6. Renting Of Agricultural Land. ¢ ...
The Value Of Labor
The Value Of Labor And The Choice Of Occupations 1. Services Of Labor Comparable With Uses Of Wealth. § 2. Limita Tions Of The Labor-supply. § 3. The Direction Of Labor Guided By The Value Of Its Results. § 4. Value Of Labor To The Isolated Laborer. ¢ 5. Rewards ...
Time Preference
Time-preference § 1. Time As A Condition In Valuation. 2. The Time Element In Man's Provision For His Needs. § 3. Cases Where Future Use Is Preferred. 1 4. Cases Where Present Use Is Preferred. § 5. Biologic Basis For Most Choice Of Present Use. 1 6. Hope And Risk ...
Trade By Barter
Trade By Barter § 1. Advantage Of Trade. § 2. Barter. § 3. Some Trading Terms De Fined. § 4. The Problem Of Price In Simple Barter. § 5. Demand. § 6. Supply. § 7. Limits Of Advantage In Isolated Barter. § 1. Advantage Of Whenever Two Persons Having Valuable ...
Value Theory And Social
Value Theory And Social Welfare 1. Epoch Of The Dismal Science. 2. Communism And Value Theory. 3. The Single-tax Doctrine. 4. Optimistic Theories Of Wages. 5. An Organic Theory Of Value. 6. Labor And Its Environment 7. Aspects Of Wealth. 8. Welfare. 9. The Paradox Of Value In Practice. F ...
Various Shades Of Profits
Various Shades Of Profits § 1. Review Of The Profit-concept. § 2. Skill In Relation To Risk. § 3. Union Of Chance And Choice. § 4. Element Of Pure Chance. § 6. Changes In Transportation And In Land-values. ¢ 6. The So-called Unearned Incre Ment. § 7. Element Of Speculation ...
Volitional Doctrine Of Population
Volitional Doctrine Of Population 1. Volitional Control; Beginning And Development. § 2. Volitional Control And Private Property. § S. Class Differences In Volitional Control. 4. The Standard Of Life. § 5. The Quality Of Population. § 6. Decrease Of The Successful Elements. § 7. The Menace To Progress. I 8. ...
Waste And Luxury
Waste And Luxury § 1. Accidental Destruction Of Wealth. § 2. Intentional Destruction Of Wealth By The Owner. § 3. Intentional Destruction Of Others' Wealth. § 4. Careless Waste. $ 5. Waste In Public Outlay. 8. The Fallacy Of Waste. 7. Definitions Of Luxury. 8. Luxury To Give Employment. § ...