ACHAEMENES (HAKHAmANI), the eponymous ancestor of the royal house of Persia, the Achaemenidae. According to Darius in the Behistun inscription and Herod. iii. 75, vii. I1, he was the father of TeIspes, the great-grandfather of Cyrus. Whether he really was an historical personage, or merely the mythical ancestor of the family, cannot be decided. According to Aelian (Hist. anion. xii. 21), he was bred by an eagle. We learn from Cyrus's procla mation that TeIspes and his successors had become kings of An shan; i.e., a part of Elam (Susiana), where they ruled as vassals of the Median kings, until Cyrus the Great in 55o B.C. founded the Persian empire. After the death of Cambyses, the younger line of the Achaemenidae came to the throne with Darius, whose father Hystaspes was, like Cyrus, the great-grandson of TeIspes. Cyrus, Darius and all the later kings of Persia call themselves Achae menides (Hakhainanishiya). With Darius III. Codomannus the dynasty became extinct and the Persian empire came to an end (33o B.C.). The adjective Achaemenius is used by the Latin poets as the equivalent of "Persian" (Horace, Odes, ii. 12, 21 ) . See PERSIA. The name Achaemenes is borne by a son of Darius I., brother of Xerxes. After the first rebellion of Egypt, he became satrap of Egypt (484 B.C., Herod. vii. 7). He commanded the Persian fleet at Salamis, and was (46o B.C.) defeated and slain by Inarus (Herod. iii. 12), the leader of the second rebellion of Egypt (see also Diodorus xi. 71).