ACTIVISM denotes any view that lays stress on action and its requirements. In Psychology it means the view that stresses the importance of conation rather than cognition (see ATTENTION, CONATION, 'PSYCHOLOGY). In Philosophy it denotes the view which makes utility the test of truth (see PRAGMATISM), or allows moral claims to justify certain theoretical assumptions (see KANT), or conceives of the ultimate principle of reality as some kind of will Or activity (see ACTUALITY THEORY, SCHOPEN HAUER, SPIN ozA). In Science it means the view which emphasizes the importance of the practical application of scientific discov eries—"knowledge is power" (see BACON).