ANAXIMENES, of Miletus, Greek philosopher in the latter half of the 6th century, said to have been the "associate of Anaxi mander." He held that air is the primary substance; it expands with heat or contracts with cold, and by these changes of density is the source of all that exists. The earth is a flat disc floating in air, with the heavenly bodies rotating round it.
See Schmidt, Dissertatio de Anaximensis psychologia (Jena, 1869) ; Ritter and Preller, Historic Phil. § § 23-2 7 ; A. Fairbanks, First Phi losophers of Greece (1898) ; Mullach, Fragmenta Phil. Graec. i. 241-243 ; J. Burnet, Early Greek Philosophy, ch. i. § 3 (1920) ; also IONIAN SCHOOL OF PHILOSOPHY ; EVOLUTION.