ANDOVER, a town of Essex county, Massachusetts, U.S.A., situated on the south side of the Merrimac Valley. The population was Io,291, 1925 (State census), 9,969 in 1930 (Federal census). The Shawsheen river supplies power for a considerable manufac turing industry. Twine, woollens and rubber goods are produced in Andover, Ballardville, Frye and Shawsheen, a "model" com munity created by the American Woolen Company. Andover, the principal village, is about 23m. N. of Boston and is served by the Boston and Maine railway and interurban electric lines. The town is noteworthy for its educational institutions. Abbot academy, opened in 1829, was the earliest incorporated school for girls in New England, Phillips academy, opened in ' 778 (incorpo rated in 178o), the first incorporated academy of the State, was founded through the efforts of Samuel Phillips (17 5 2-1802) by his father, Samuel Phillips o), and his uncle, John Phillips , "for the purpose of instructing youth, not only in Eng lish and Latin grammar, writing, arithmetic and those sciences wherein they are commonly taught, but more especially to learn them the great end and real business of living." An archaeological department with an important collection in American archaeology, was founded by Robert S. Peabody, and his wife in 19oI . The academy grounds include those occupied 1808-1908 by the Andover theological seminary before its removal to Cambridge. Andover was settled about 1643 and incorporated in 1646. It was named after the English town of Andover, Hampshire, the home of some of the chief settlers. North Andover was separated from it in 1855. Elizabeth Stuart Phelps-Ward was born and lived for many years in Andover, and Harriet Beecher Stowe, who resided from 1852 to 1864, is buried there.