ANDROS or ANDRO, the most northerly island of the Cy clades, 6m. S.E. of Euboea, and about 2m. N. of Tenos; nearly 25m. long ; greatest breadth 1 o miles. Pop. about 18,000. It is mountainous, with many fruitful and well-watered valleys. An dros, the capital, on the east coast, contains about 2,000 inhabi tants. The ruins of Palaeopolis, the ancient capital, are on the west coast ; the town possessed a famous temple, dedicated to Bacchus. The ancient population was mainly Ionian, perhaps with a Thracian admixture. Originally dependent on Eretria, by the 7th century B.C., it sent colonies to Chalcidice (Acanthus, Stageirus, Argilus, Sane). In 48o it supplied ships to Xerxes and was subsequently harried by the Greek fleet. Though enrolled in the Delian League it remained disaffected towards Athens, and revolted in 411. In the Hellenistic period Andros was coveted as a frontier-post by the naval powers of Macedonia and Egypt. In 200 it was captured by a combined Roman, Pergamene and Rhod ian fleet, and remained a possession of Pergamum until the be quest of that kingdom to Rome in 133 B.C. Before falling under Turkish rule, Andros was from A.D. 1207 till 1566 governed by the families Zeno and Sommariva under Venetian protection. It is now an eparchy of Greece.