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Angina Pectoris

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ANGINA PECTORIS, a term applied to a violent paroxysm of pain, arising almost invariably from disease of the coronary arteries with consequent degeneration of the heart muscle (see HEART, DISEASES OF). An attack of angina pectoris usually con sists in a sudden agonizing pain, felt at first over the heart, but radiating through the chest in various directions, and frequently extending down the left arm. A feeling of constriction and of suffocation accompanies the pain, although there is seldom actual difficulty in breathing. When the attack comes on, as it often does, during bodily exertion, the sufferer is at once brought to rest. The countenance becomes pale, the surface of the body cold, the pulse feeble, and death appears to be imminent, when suddenly the attack subsides and complete relief is obtained. The duration of a paroxysm rarely exceeds two or three minutes, but it may last longer. The attacks are apt to recur on slight exertion, and in aggravated cases without any such exciting cause. Occa sionally the first seizure proves fatal. Angina pectoris is extremely rare under middle life, and is much more common in males than in females. In the treatment of the paroxysm, nitrite of amyl has now replaced all other remedies. It can be carried by the patient in the form of nitrite of amyl pearls, each pearl containing the dose prescribed by the physician. As soon as the pain begins the patient crushes a pearl in his handkerchief and holds it to his mouth and nose. The relief given in this way is marvellous and usually takes place within a very few seconds. To prevent recur rence of the attacks something may be done by administration of nitroglycerine, scrupulous attention to the general health and the avoidance of mental and physical strain.

Pseudo-Angina.

In this condition there occur praecordial pains which very closely resemble those of true angina. The essential difference lies in the fact that pseudo-angina is inde pendent of structural disease of the heart and coronary arteries. There are three main varieties; (I) the reflex, (2) the vaso motor, (3) the toxic. The reflex is by far the most common, and is generally due to irritation from one of the abdominal organs, often associated with mental anxiety or overwork. An attack of pseudo-angina may be agonizing, the pain radiating through the chest and into the left arm, but the patient does not usually assume the motionless attitude of true angina, and the duration of the seizure is usually much longer. The treatment is that of the underlying neurosis and the prognosis is a good one, sudden death not occurring.

pain, heart, usually and attack