ANHWEI (Nganhui), a province of China lying astride the Yangtze-kiang in its final S.W.–N.E. course before it enters on its delta. It has an area of 54,826sq.m. and a population of about 20,200,000 (193o). Anhwei falls into two divisions distinct from almost every point of view. Northern Anhwei, beyond the Hwai-yang shan, belongs physically to the North China Plain; its level surface is liable to flooding by the Hwai-ho and it is covered by river detritus and wind-borne loess. It has too the climate and cultivates the crops (wheat, millet and beans) typical of north China. Southern Anhwei, on the other hand, enjoys a more genial climate and is part of the mountain and valley country of south China. Its hillsides are terraced and planted largely with the tea shrub and its river plains constitute rice-growing paddy fields. Southern Anhwei is itself divided into two : the northern part is the wide valley of the Yangtze between the Hwai-yang shan on the north and Hwang shan on the south; the southern, at a rather higher elevation, lies south of the Hwang shan. The centre of the northern division, the Yangtze valley, is the capital, Anking, and of the southern division Hwei-chow, a great tea centre. The name An-hwei is compounded out of the first syllables of each. It was not constituted a separate province until the 17th century in the early days of the Ch'ing (Manchu) dynasty and during the preceding Ming dynasty (r4th–17th centuries) it formed, together with Kiangsu, the greater province of Kiang nan. Anhwei is therefore one of the more modern artificial provinces and is neither a physical unit nor an historical entity. ANHYDRIDE, an oxide (q.v.) which will combine with water to form an acid (q.v.).