ANIMAL EXTRACTS. Many substances used in thera peutics are derived from the animal kingdom ; the majority are obtained from the animals themselves, only a few, such as honey and wax, being obtained through the activity of a member of the animal kingdom. The most common animal extracts are adrena lin, beeswax, cod liver oil, gelatin (or gelatine), honey, insulin, lanolin (or lanoline), lard, pepsin, spermaceti, suet, thyroid gland extract (qq.v.) and cantharidin (see CANTHARIDES). Others widely used are the following: Pituitary extract, prepared from the posterior lobe of the pitui tary body of the sheep. It is a circulatory stimulant which acts within a minute or so of injection and has a somewhat prolonged action ; it is therefore of great use in cardiac failure. It is also used in obstetric medicine instead of ergot to promote uterine contraction. It is never given by the mouth. Testicular extract or orchitic substance is given for sterility and premature sterility, arrested growth, and various neuroses. Ovarian extract is used in amenorrhoea and dysmenorrhoea, in vicarious menstruation and certain other diseases ; it is useful in nervous symptoms at the change of life and after removal of the ovaries. Pancreatic solu tion, prepared from the fresh pancreas of the pig, contains at least four ferments, the most important of which is trypsin, which acts in an alkaline medium, converting proteids into peptones. Many pancreatised foods are on the market and are of ten of use to invalids and those whose digestions are weak. Ox-gall, obtained from the gall bladder of bullocks, is sometimes used as a purgative in cases in which there are indications of a deficient secretion of bile.