AGUINALDO, EMILIO (c. 1869— ), Filipino insur rectionary leader, was born near Cavite, Luzon, of Chinese and Tagalog parentage. He was educated in his native town and in the University of St. Thomas, conducted by Dominican friars in Manila. At the outbreak of the insurrection in Aug. 1896, he was mayor of Cavite Viejo. During this uprising Aguinaldo took a prominent part, displaying marked capacity for leadership and assuming dictatorial powers. But in Jan. 1898 he left the Philip pines for Hongkong, agreeing to remain permanently in exile on condition of a substantial financial reward from Spain. Imme diately after the battle of Manila, May 1, 1898, he returned to the Philippines with the express purpose, it is said, of assisting the United States in the war with Spain. Obtaining the consent of the U.S. authorities, he established a native government, of which he became the head, and organized an army. On Feb. 4, 1899, he began hostilities against the United States by making an unsuc cessful attack on Manila. During 1899 there were several severe engagements, but in the end the native troops became so hard pressed that Aguinaldo, after repeatedly changing his capital, was forced to take refuge in the mountains. Here the struggle was pro tracted until March 23, 1901, when he was captured by Gen. Frederick Funston at Palawan, Luzon. On April 19, 1901, Agui naldo took the oath of allegiance to the United States and retired to peaceful private life.