ALVAREZ, JUAN (178o-1867), Mexican general, was born at Concepcion de Atoyac (now Ciudad Alvarez), territory of Guerrero, Mexico, on Jan. 27, 1780. He joined the revolt of Morelos against the Spanish rule in Nov. 181 o, and in various battles in the ensuing struggle for independence won distinction as a cavalry officer. He had a prominent part in the revolt led by Santa Anna in 1822-23 which overthrew the Government of Iturbide and in 1847 served with the Mexican army in the war with the United States. He began the revolt of 1854-55 which ended the despotic rule of Santa Anna. His civil career began in 1849 when he became the first governor of the new State of Guerrero, formed from the territory of his birth. At Cuernavaca, on Oct. 4, 1855, he was made acting president of the republic but was unable to unite the conflicting elements among his followers. On Dec. 8, 1855, therefore, he transferred the office to Comon fort, and retired to his home at Acapulco. Throughout the period of the Second Empire, 1863-67, he was a resolute opponent of Maximilian. Though his liberal principles led him to participate in many revolutions, he was singularly free from selfish ambitions. He died on Aug. 21, 1867.