ANGOULEME, LOUIS-ANTOINE DE BOURBON, DUKE OF (1775-1844), the last dauphin of France, elder son of the count of Artois (afterwards Charles X.) and of Marie-Therese of Savoy, was born in Versailles on Aug. 6, 1775, and died in Goritz, in Austria, on June 3, 1844. In 1789 he left France with his father and, after completing his military training at Turin, com manded a corps of émigrés in the campaign of 1792. After resid ing in Poland and in England he returned to France in 1814, took possession of Bordeaux, and, as lieutenant-general, organized a futile attempt to resist Napoleon on the latter's return from Elba, after which Angouleme was captured and transported to Barce lona. In Louis XVIII.'s reign he commanded the French ex pedition to Spain in support of Ferdinand VII. (1823) ; on the accession of Charles X. the_ duke of Angouleme became dauphin, but in 183o, with his father, he renounced his claim to the throne, and finally settled in Austria, at Goritz, under the title of count of Marne, until his death.
In 1 7 99 he had married his cousin MARIE-THERESE CHARLOTTE, the daughter of Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette, who was born at Versailles on Dec. 19, 1778, and died at Frohsdorf on Oct. 19, 1851. During the Revolution she was imprisoned for three years, from Aug. 1792 until 1795, when she was released in exchange for prisoners handed over to the Convention by Dumouriez. In 1814 she returned to France in the train of Louis XVIII., and for ten days after Napoleon had entered the Tuileries during the Hundred Days, she was able to maintain Bordeaux's loyalty to the royal family.