GEGENBAUR, CARL (1826-1903), German anatomist, was born on Aug. 21, 1826 at Wurzburg and was educated at the university there. In 1855 he was appointed professor of anatomy at Jena, and in 1873 at Heidelberg, where he was also director of the Anatomical Institute until 1901. In his best known work, Grundriss der vergleichenden Anatomie (Leipzig, 1874 ; Eng. trans. 1878), Gegenbaur laid stress on the high value of comparative anatomy as the basis of the study of homologies. A distinctive piece of work was effected by him in 1871 in supplementing the evidence adduced by Huxley in refutation of the theory of the origin of the skull from expanded vertebrae. Huxley demonstrated that the skull is built up of cartilaginous pieces; Gegenbaur showed that "in the lowest (gristly) fishes, where hints of the original vertebrae might be most expected, the skull is an unseg mented gristly brain-box, and that in higher forms the vertebral nature of the skull cannot be maintained, since many of the bones, notably those along the top of the skull, arise in the skin." Other publications by Gegenbaur include a Textbook of Human Anatomy (Leipzig, 1883, new ed. 1903), the Epiglottis (1892) and Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates in relation to the Invertebrates (Leipzig, 2 vols., 1898, 1901). In 1875 he founded the Morphologisches Jahrbuch, which he edited for many years In 1901 he published a short autobiography under the title Erlebtes and Erstrebtes. Gegenbaur died at Heidelberg in 1903. See Fiirbringer: Heidelberger Professoren aus dem Igten Jahrhundert (Heidelberg, 1903).