GERARD (d. I108), archbishop of York under Henry I., began his career as a chancery clerk in the service of William Rufus. He was one of the two royal envoys who, in 1o95, per suaded Urban II. to send a legate and Anselm's pallium to Eng land. Gerard was rewarded for his services with the see of Here ford (1o96) . On the death of Rufus he at once declared for Henry I., by whom he was nominated to the see of York. He made difficulties when required to give Anselm the usual profes sion of obedience, and took the king's side on the question of investitures. He pleaded Henry's cause at Rome with great ability, and claimed that he had obtained a promise, on the pope's part, to condone the existing practice of lay investiture. But this state ment was contradicted by Paschal, and Gerard incurred the sus picion of perjury. About 1I03 he wrote or inspired a series of tracts which defended the king's prerogative and freely attacked the oecumenical pretensions of the papacy. In 1105, he became a stanch friend and supporter of Anselm. Gerard was a man of considerable learning and ability; but the chroniclers accuse him of being lax in his morals, an astrologer and a devil worshipper. See the Tractatus Eboracenses edited by H. Bochmer in Libelli de lite Sacerdotii et Imperii, vol. iii. (in the Monumenta hist. Germaniae, quarto series) , and the same author's Kirche and Staat in England and in der Normandie (Leipzig, 1899) . (H. W. C. D.)