GARNIER, GERMAIN, MARQUIS (I I ), French politician and economist, was born at Auxerre on Nov. 8, He was educated for the law, and obtained the office of procureur to the Chatelet in Paris. On the calling of the states-general he was elected as one of the deputes suppleants of the city of Paris, and in 1791 administrator of the department of Paris. After Aug. 1o, 1792, he withdrew to the Pays de Vaud, returning to France in 1795. Two years later he was among the candidates for the Directory; in i800 he was prefect of Seine-et-Oise. At the Restoration, he received a peerage, became minister of State and member of privy council, and in 1817 was created a marquis. He died at Paris on Oct. 4, 1821. His literary reputation depends chiefly on his later works on political economy, especially his admirable translation, with notes and introduction, of Smith's Wealth of Nations (1805) and his Histoire de la monnaie (2 vols., 1819), which contains much sound and well-arranged material.