GARLAND, JOHN, JOHANNES DE GARLANDIA (C. I195—C. 1272), Latin grammarian and poet, was born in England of noble family. He studied at Oxford under a certain John of London, and about 1202 went to Paris where he had Allan of Lille as a teacher. He himself taught at Paris until 1229 when he went to the new university of Toulouse. In 1232 or 1233, Garland had to fly from Toulouse on account of religious troubles with the Albigensians. The rest of his life was spent at Paris in writ ing and teaching. Knowing Greek, and well read in the classics and the Fathers, Garland desired to stimulate a profound interest in Latin literature and language; hence his writings throw much light on the actual teaching of these subjects at Paris during his time. His Compendium Grammatice and his Liber de Con structionibus, both important for a knowledge of mediaeval Latin, are still unedited, but his Dictionarius, a Latin vocabulary, was edited in 1857 by T. Wright, who also published fragments of the Poetria (1841), since edited in full by G. Mari (Milan 1892 and Erlangen 1902) . The best known of Garland's poems are De triumphis ecclesiae (ed. T. Wright 1856), books iv.—vi. giving a detailed account of the Albigensian crusade in the south, and Epithalainium beatae Mariae Virginum, still in ms. The De !t'ysteriis ecclesie was ed. by F. G. Otto (Giessen 1842) and the Morale scolarium, which covers such topics as general behaviour, table manners, virtue, and the defence of the pope against simony, by L. J. Pactow (Berkeley, California 1927) who in his intro duction gives an account of the life and works of Garland.