GLADSTONE, JOHN HALL English chem ist, was born at Hackney, London, on March 7, 1827. He studied under Thomas Graham at University College, London, and Liebig at Giessen, where he graduated as Ph.D. in 1847. In 185o he be came chemical lecturer at St. Thomas's hospital, and in 1853 was elected F.R.S. From 1874 to 1877 he was Fullerian professor of chemistry at the Royal Institution, in 1874 he was first president of the Physical Society, and in 1877-1879 president of the Chemical Society. In 1897 the Royal Society recognized his so years of scientific work by awarding him the Davy medal. Glad stone is particularly known for his work on optical refractivity (partly in conjunction with Dale), for his investigations into the chemistry of the lead-accumulator (with A. Tribe and W. Hibbert) and for his use (with Tribe) of the "zinc-copper couple" in the preparation of organic compounds. As early as 1856 he showed the importance of the spectroscope in chemical research, and he was one of the first to notice that the Fraunhofer spectrum at sunrise and sunset differs from that at midday. Gladstone always took a great interest in educational questions, and from 1873 to 1894 he was a member of the London School Board. He died in London on Oct. 6, 1902.