GRAFE, ALBRECHT VON (1828-1870), German oculist, was born on May 22, 1828. He studied medicine in Berlin, Vienna, Prague, Paris, London, Dublin and Edinburgh, specializing in ophthalmology, and soon became one of the greatest of eye sur geons. After practising from 185o in his private institution for the treatment of the eye, he was appointed teacher of ophthal mology in Berlin university in 1853 and professor in 1858. Von Grafe began in 1855 to issue the Archiv fur Ophthalmologic, which contains most of his important discoveries including his introduction of the operation of iridectomy in the treatment of iritis, iridochoroiditis and glaucoma (1855-62), his improvement of the treatment of cataract (1865-68) and his demonstration that often blindness and visual defects connected with cerebral disorders are traceable to optic neuritis (1860). Grafe was also an authority on diseases of the nerves and brain.
See Alfred Grafe, Ein Wort der Erinnerung an Albrecht von Grdfe (Halle, 187o), and E. Michaelis, Albrecht von Grdfe (1877). GRAFE, KARL FERDINAND VON Ger man surgeon, was born at Warsaw on Mar. 8, 1787. He studied medicine at Halle and Leipzig, and in 181 o became professor of surgery at Berlin, and during the war with Napoleon, superintend ent of the military hospitals. He died at Hanover on July 4, 184o. Grafe did much to reform army hospitals and improve the treatment of wounds, but he is chiefly noted as being the founder of modern plastic surgery.
See E. Michaelis, K. F. von Grille (184o) .