GUCHKOV, ALEXANDER (1862-1936), Russian poli tician, was born in Moscow. He studied at the universities of Mos cow and Berlin and, after leading an adventurous life of travel, entered politics. He helped to found the Russian "Octobrist" party in the hope that the Tsar's Government would work with the moderate Liberals of the Zemstvo, while safeguarding the mon archical principle. In 1910 Guchkov was elected president of the Duma, but as Stolypin became more reactionary, the Octobrists lost their raison d'etre, and Guchkov eventually resigned the presi dentship of the Duma. In the elections to the fourth Duma he failed to secure a seat. During the World War he was in charge of the Red Cross organization on the German front, and devoted his energies to refitting the army on the technical side. When the March Revolution of 1917 broke out Guchkov became Minister of War, but he was powerless against the increasing demoralization in the army, and resigned on May 5. Emigrating, he found himself without influence, and later took refuge in Paris.