GOULD, BENJAMIN APTHORP Ameri can astronomer, was born at Boston (Mass.), Sept. 27, 1824. He graduated from Harvard college in 1844, studied mathematics and astronomy under C. F. Gauss at Gottingen, and returned to America in 1848. From 1852 to 1867 he was in charge of the longitude department of the U.S. coast survey; he developed and organized the service, was one of the first to determine longitudes by telegraphic means, and employed the Atlantic cable in 1866 to establish longitude relations between Europe and America. The Astronomical Journal was founded by Gould in 1849 ; and its publication, suspended in 1861, was resumed by him in 1885. From 1855 to 1859 he was director of the Dudley observatory at Albany (N.Y.) ; and published in 1859 a discussion of the places and proper motions of circumpolar stars to be used as standards by the U.S. coast survey. He undertook (1868), on behalf of the Argentine republic, to organize a national observatory at Cor doba; began to observe there with four assistants in 187o, and completed in 1874 his Uranometria Argentina (published 1879). He then made a zone-catalogue of 73,16o stars (1884), and a general catalogue (1885) compiled from meridian observations of stars. He died in Cambridge (Mass.), Nov. 26, 1896. See Astronomical Journal, No. 389; Observatory, xx. 7o (same notice abridged) ; Science (Dec. 18, 1896, S. C. Chandler) ; Astrophysical Journal, vol. 1.; Monthly Notices Roy. Astr. Society, lvii. 218.