GROUCHY, EMMANUEL, MARQUIS DE marshal of France, was born in Paris on Oct. 23, 1766, and entered the army. He served in La Vendee (1793), in the Army of Ireland (1796-1797), and in the campaign against the Rus sians and Austrians, being taken prisoner at Novi. On his release he returned to France and from 18o1 onwards was employed by Napoleon in important military and political positions. At the Restoration he was deprived of the post of colonel-general of chasseurs a cheval and retired. He joined Napoleon on his return from Elba and was made marshal and peer of France. In the Waterloo campaign he was appointed to command the right wing to pursue. the Prussians (see WATERLOO CAMPAIGN). After the great disaster, Grouchy gathered up the wrecks of Napoleon's army and retired to Paris, where he resigned his command to Marshal Davout. He was court-martialed for his partial failure at Waterloo and exiled in America, till amnestied in 1821. On his return to France he was reinstated as general. In 183o Louis Philippe gave him back the marshal's baton and restored him to the Chamber of Peers. He died at St. Etienne on May His publications include: Observations sur la relation de la campagne de 1815 par le general de Gourgaud (Philadelphia and Paris 1818) ; Refutation de quelques articles des memoires de M. le Duc de Rovigo (1829) and other defences of his military policy.
See his Memoires (ed. Marquis de Grouchy, 1873-74), Gen. Marquis de Grouchy, Le General Grouchy en Irlande (1866) ; Le Marechal Grouchy du r6 au 18 juin, 1815 (1864) ; Appel a l'histoire sur les faits de l'aile droite de l'armee francaise (Paris, n.d.) ; Severe Justice sur les faits . . . du 28 juin au 3 juillet r815 (1866) and the literature of the Waterloo campaign.