GREGORY XIII. (Ugo Buoncompagno), pope from 1572 to 1585, was born on Jan. 7, 1502, in Bologna, where he taught, until called to Rome (1539) by Paul III., who employed him in various offices. He was prominent in the council of Trent, 1562-63. In 1 564 he was made cardinal by Pius IV., and, in the following year, sent to Spain as legate. On May 13, 1572, he was chosen pope to succeed Pius V. Having failed to rouse Spain and Venice against the Turks, Gregory attempted to ,form a general coalition against Protestants. He subsidized Philip II. in his wars in the Nether lands; aided the Catholic League in France; incited attacks upon Elizabeth by way of Ireland. With the aid of the Jesuits, whose privileges he multiplied, he conducted a vigorous propaganda. Among his noteworthy achievements are the reform of the calen dar on Feb. 24, 1582 (see CALENDAR) ; the improved edition of the Corpus juris canonici, 1582; the splendid Gregorian Chapel in St. Peter's; the fountains of the Piazza Navona; the Quirinal Palace ; and many other public works. To meet the expenses entailed, Gregory resorted to confiscation, on the pretext of defective titles or long-standing arrearages, but with disastrous results to the public peace. Gregory died on April io, 1585. See Maffei, Annales Gregorii XIII. (2 vols., 1742) and bibliography in Cambridge Mod. Hist. iii.