Gregory V
Gregory V., Pope From 996 To 999, A Great-grandson Of The Emperor Otto The Great. Until The Council Of Pavia (997) His Rival Was The Anti-pope John Xvi., Whom The People Of Rome, In Revolt Against The Will Of The Youthful Emperor Otto Iii., Had Chosen After Having Expelled Gregory. ...
Gregory Vi
Gregory Vi., Pope From Io45 To 1046. As Johannes Gratianus He Had Earned A Reputation For Learning And Probity, And In He Bought The Pontificate From His Unworthy Godson Benedict Ix. At A Council Held By The Emperor Henry Iii. At Sutri In Io46, He Was Accused Of Simony, Deposed ...
Gregory Vii Hildebrand Saint
Gregory Vii. (hildebrand) Saint, Pope From I 0 7 3 To I 085, Was Born Of Humble Parents In Tuscany C. Io23, And Was Educated In The Convent Of St. Mary On The Aventine At Rome Where He Became A Benedictine. As Chaplain To The Exiled Gregory Vi., He Lived ...
Gregory Viii
Gregory Viii., Antipope From 1118 To 1121, Had Been Arch Bishop Of Braga. Suspended By Paschal Ii. In 1114 On Account Of A Dispute With The Spanish Primate And Papal Legate, The Arch Bishop Of Toledo, He Went To Rome And Regained Favour To Such An Extent That He Was ...
Gregory Viii_2
Gregory Viii. (alberto De Mora), Pope From Oct. 21 To Dec. 17, 1187, A Native Of Benevento And Praemonstratensian Monk, Successively Abbot Of St. Martin At Laon, Cardinal-deacon Of San' Adriano Al Foro, Cardinal-priest Of San Lorenzo In Lucina, And Chancellor Of The Roman Church, Was Elected To Succeed Urban ...
Gregory X
Gregory X. (tebaldo Visconti), Pope From Sept. 1, 1271, To Jan. 1 O, 1276, Was Born At Piacenza In 1208, And Became Arch Deacon Of Liege. While Accompanying Edward Of England On The Crusade, He Was Elected Pope And Was Consecrated On March 27, 1271. He Summoned The I4th General ...
Gregory Xi
Gregory Xi. (pierre Roger De Beaufort), Pope From Dec. 3o, 13 7o, To March 2 7, 13 78, Born In Limousin In 133o, Was Created Cardinal-deacon Of Sta. Maria Nuova By His Uncle, Clement Vi. His Efforts To Establish Peace Between France And England And To Aid The Eastern Christians ...
Gregory Xii
Gregory Xii. (angelo Coriaro Or Correr), Pope From Nov. 3o, 1406, To July 4, 1415, Was Born Of A Noble Family At Venice About 1326. Successively Bishop Of Castello, Latin Patriarch Of Constantinople, Cardinal-priest Of San Marco, And Papal Secre Tary, He Was Elected To Succeed Innocent Vii. Under The ...
Gregory Xiii
Gregory Xiii. (ugo Buoncompagno), Pope From 1572 To 1585, Was Born On Jan. 7, 1502, In Bologna, Where He Taught, Until Called To Rome (1539) By Paul Iii., Who Employed Him In Various Offices. He Was Prominent In The Council Of Trent, 1562-63. In 1 564 He Was Made Cardinal ...
Gregory Xiv
Gregory Xiv. (nicoll Sfondrato), Pope 1590-91, Was Born In Cremona On Feb. Ii, Studied In Perugia And Padua, Became Bishop Of His Native Place In 156o, Took Part In The Council Of Trent, 1562-63, Became A Cardinal In 1583 And Was Elected To The Papacy On Dec. 5, 159o. During ...
Gregory Xv
Gregory Xv. (alessandro Ludovisi) Was Born On Jan. 9, In Bologna, Where He Taught. He Was Made Archbishop Of His Native Place And Cardinal By Paul V., Whom He Succeeded As Pope On Feb. 9, 1621. He Aided The Emperor In The Thirty Years' War And The King Of Poland ...
Greifenberg
Greifenberg, A Town In The Prussian Province Of Pome Rania. On The Rega, 45 M. N.e. Of Stettin On The Railway To Kolberg. Pop. It Has Two Ancient Gateways And Its Church Of St. Mary Dates From The I3th Century. Manufactures Of Cement, Sugar And Bricks Are Carried On. Greifenberg ...
Greifenhagen
Greifenhagen, A Town In The Prussian Province Of Pomerania, On The Reglitz, 12 M. S.s.w. Of Stettin By Rail. Pop. Greifenhagen, Built In 123o, Was Raised To The Rank Of A Town And Fortified About 125o. In 1679 It Came Into The Possession Of Brandenburg. Its Prosperity Depends Chiefly On ...
Greifswald
Greifswald, A Town In The Prussian Province Of Pom Erania, On The Navigable Ryk, 3 M. From Its Mouth On The Baltic, And 20 M. S.e. From Stralsund By Rail. Pop. (1933) 29,488. Greifs Wald Was Founded About 124o By Traders From The Netherlands. In 1250 It Received A Town ...
Greisen
Greisen (in French, Hyalomicte), A Modification Of Granite, Consisting Essentially Of Quartz And White Mica, And Characterized By The Absence Of Felspar And Biotite. In The Hand Specimen The Rock Has A Silvery Glittering Appearance From The Abundance Of Lamellar Crystals Of Muscovite, But Many Greisens Have Much Of The ...
Greiz
Greiz, A Town Of Germany In The Land Of Thuringia, On The Right Bank Of The White Elster, Near The Borders Of Saxony, And 66 M. By Rail South From Leipzig. Pop. Greiz (formerly Grewcz) Is Apparently A Town Of Slav Origin. From The 12th Century It Was Governed By ...
Grenada
Grenada, The Southernmost Of The Windward Islands, British West Indies. It Lies Between I R° 58' And 12° 15' N. And Between 61° 35' And 61° 5o' W., Being 140 M. S.w. Of Barbados And 85 M. N. By W. Of Trinidad. In Shape Oval, It Is 21 M. Long, ...
Grenades
Grenades, From The French Word For A Pomegranate, Because Of A Resemblance In Shape To The Fruit. A Grenade Is A Small Metal Missile, Usually Filled With High Explosive, Which May Be Thrown By Hand Or Projected With The Aid Of A Rifle. Grenades May Also Be Charged With Poison ...
Grenadier
Grenadier, Originally A Soldier Whose Special Duty It Was To Throw Hand-grenades. The Latter Were In Use For A Considerable Time Before Any Special Organization Was Given To The Troops Who Were To Use Them. The Grenadier Companies Were Formed Always Of The Most Powerful Men In The Regiment And, ...
Grenadines
Grenadines, A Chain Of Islets (about 600) In The Wind Ward Islands, West Indies. They Stretch For 6o M. From N.e. To S.w. Between St. Vincent And Grenada. Some Are A Few Square Miles In Extent, Others Are Merely Rocky Hummocks. For Purposes Of Administration They Are Divided Between St. ...
Grenchen
Grenchen (1,6o6 Ft.). A Town In The Canton Of Solo Thurn, Switzerland, At The South Foot Of The Jura. Pop. (1930) 10,397, Mostly German-speaking Protestants. It Is A Centre Of The Watch-making Industry, And Stands On The Solothurn-biel And Moutier-biel Railways. ...
Grenoble
Grenoble, The Ancient Capital Of The Dauphine In South East France, And Of The Isere Department, 75 M. By Rail From Lyons. Pop. (1931) 82,873. It Is One Of The Most Strongly For Tified Cities In Europe. Built At A Height Of 702 Ft. The Greater Part Of The Town ...
Grenville
Grenville (or Granville), Sir Richard, Bart., Cr. 163o (1600-1658), English Royalist, Grandson Of The Famous Seaman Of The Same Name, Entered The Army, And Served Under Buckingham At Cadiz And In The La Rochelle Expedition. He Was Ruined By Lawsuits With His Wife And Her Relations, And Imprisoned. He Escaped ...
Grenzmark
Grenzmark (grenzmark Posen-west Preussen), Prov Ince Within The Land Of Prussia, Composed Of What Remains To Germany Of The Former Provinces Of Posen And West Prussia. It Consists Of Two Separate Parts Lying Along The Polish Frontier, One North Of The Netze And The Other Mainly South Of The Warthe. ...
Greshams Law
Gresham's Law, In Economics, The Name Suggested In 1857 By H. D. Macleod For The Principle Of Currency Which May Be Briefly Summarized—"bad Money Drives Out Good." Macleod Gave It This Name, Which Has Been Universally Adopted, Under The Impression That The Principle Was First Explained By Sir Thomas Gresham ...
Gretna Green
Gretna Green, Village And Parish, Southeast Dum Friesshire, Scotland, About 8 M. E. Of Annan, 9 M. N.n.w. Of Carlisle, And A M. From The River Sark, Here The Dividing-line Between England And Scotland, With A Station On The L.m.s.r. The L.n.e.r. Has A Station At Gretna On The English ...
Gretna
Gretna, A City Of South-eastern Louisiana, U.s.a., On The Mississippi River, Opposite New Orleans; The Capital Of Jefferson Parish. It Is Served By The Missouri Pacific, The Southern Pacific, And The Texas And Pacific Railways, And By The Industrial Belt Line Which Makes Connections Between All The Roads Entering New ...
Grey De Wilton
Grey De Wilton And Grey De Ruthyn. The First Baron Grey De Wilton Was Reginald De Grey, Who Was Summoned To Parliament As A Baron In 1295 And Who Died In 1308. Reginald's Son John, The End Baron (1268-13 23 ), Was One Of The Lords Or Dainers In 131 ...
Greyhound Racing
Greyhound Racing. Greyhound Racing Was First In Troduced As An Artificial Form Of The Old-time Sport Of Coursing, But It Has Nothing In Common With It Except That The Same Sort Of Dog Is Used For Both. In Racing, A Dummy Hare, Propelled Me Chanically Round A Set Track, Is ...
Greymouth
Greymouth, A Seaport Of New Zealand, The Principal Port On The West Coast Of South Island, In Grey County. It Stands On The Small Estuary Of The Grey Or Mawhera River, Has A Good Har Bour, And Railway Communication With Hokitika, Reefton And Christchurch. The District Is Both Auriferous And ...
Greywacke Or Grauwacke
Greywacke Or Grauwacke (a German Word Sig Nifying A Grey Earthy Rock), A Term, Formerly More Generally Used By British Geologists Than At The Present Day, For Impure, Com Posite Gritty Rocks Belonging To The Palaeozoic Systems. They Cor Respond To The Sandstones, Grits And Finer-grained Conglomerates And Breccias Of ...
Grid Leak
Grid Leak, Is A Resistor, Usually Of Very High Resistance, Used In Association With A Condenser And Connected Directly Or Indirectly Between The Cathode And The Grid Of A Vacuum Tube In A Radio Receiving Set. ...
Grid
Grid, In A Vacuum Tube Such As Is Used In Electrical Communi Cation Is An Electrode Having Openings Through Which The Electron Stream, Between Cathode And Anode, May Pass. The Relative Potential Of The Grid Controls The Current Flowing Between The Anode And The Cathode. ...
Griesbach
Griesbach, A German Watering-place In The Land Of Ba Den, In The Valley Of The Rench, R,800 Ft. Above The Sea, 6 M. West Of Freudenstadt In Wurttemberg. It Is Celebrated Fo: Its Saline Chalybeate Waters, Which Were Used As Early As The 16th Century. Pop. From 1665 To 18o5 ...
Griffe
Griffe, In Architecture, A Small Ornament, Generally Tri Angular, Which Fills The Space Between The Round Torus Of A Column Base And The Square Corner Of The Plinth Below ; Sometimes Known As A Spur. The Use Of The Grille Is Particularly Characteristic Of The Later Romanesque Period ; It ...
Griffin
Griffin (o'griobta, O'greeva), Gerald (1$o3 184o), Irish Novelist And Dramatic Writer, Was Born At Limerick. Having Written A Tragedy, Aguire, Which Was Highly Praised By His Friends, He Set Out In 1823 For London With The Pur Pose Of "revolutionizing The Dramatic Taste Of The Time By Writ Ing For ...
Griffin_2
Griffin, A City Of Georgia, U.s.a., 43m. S. Of Atlanta; The County Seat Of Spalding County. It Is On Federal Highway 41, And Is Served By The Central Of Georgia And The Southern Rail Ways. The Population Was 8,24o In 1920; 193o Was 10,321. Its Manufacturing Industries Include Cotton Mills ...
Griffon Or Gryphon Griffin
Griffin, Griffon Or Gryphon, In The Natural His Tory Of The Ancients, The Name Of A Rapacious Creature Represented With Four Legs, Wings And A Beak—the Fore Part Resembling An Eagle And The Hinder A Lion. In Addition, Some Writers Describe The Tail As A Serpent (from Fr. Griffon, Lat. ...
Grignard Reagents
Grignard Reagents. Magnesium Is Unique Amongst The Chemical Elements In The Application Which It Finds In Syn Thetic Organic Chemistry By Virtue Of Its Power Of Dissolving Readily In Solutions Of Many Organic Compounds Which Contain Chlorine, Bromine, Or Iodine As A Constituent Atom In Their Molecules. Thus, If Magnesium ...
Grille
Grille, A French Term For An Enclosure In Either Iron Or Bronze ; There Is No Equivalent In English, "grating" Applying More To A Horizontal Frame Of Bars Over A Sunken Area, And "grate" To The Iron Bars Of An Open Fireplace. The Finest Examples Of The Grille Are Those ...
Grimma
Grimma, German Town In The Land Of Saxony, On The Left Bank Of The Mulde, 59 M. S.e. Of Leipzig. Pop. (1933) 12,205. Of Sorbian Origin, It Is First Mentioned In 1203. Among The Principal Buildings Are The Schloss Built In The 12th Century, And Long A Residence Of The ...
Grimsby Or Great Grimsby
Grimsby Or Great Grimsby, A Municipal, County And Parliamentary Borough Of Lincolnshire, England, On The South Shore Of The Humber. Pop. (1931) 92,463. Grimsby (grimesbi) Is Associated With The Danish Invasions Of The 8th Century. It Was A Borough By Prescription As Early As 1201, In Which Year King John ...
Grindelwald
Grindelwald, A Valley In The Bernese Oberland, And One Of The Chief Resorts Of Tourists In Switzerland. It Is Shut In On The South By The Wetterhorn, Mettenberg And Eiger, Between Which Are Two Famous Glaciers. On The North It Is Sheltered By The Faul Horn Range, While On The ...
Grinding Machines
Grinding-machines. This Important Group Of Ma Chine-tools Comprises Designs For Grinding Practically Every Shape In Metal Work, Including Cylindrical (both External And Internal), Parallel And Tapered Forms, Plane Faces, Curved And Irregular Out Lines, And Difficult Forms Such As Gear Teeth And Screw Threads. That Extremely Fine Quantities Of Metal ...
Grinnell
Grinnell, A City Of Poweshiek County, Ia., U.s.a., Near The Centre Of The State, At An Altitude Of About I,000 Feet. It Is On Federal Highway 32, And Is Served By The Minneapolis And St. Louis And The Rock Island Railways. The Population In 193o Was 4,949 Federal Census. Grinnell ...
Griqualand East
Griqualand East And Griqualand West, Historical Division Of The Cape Province Of The Union Of South Africa. Griqualand East Is Bounded On The North-east By Natal, And On The North-west By Basutoland. It Was Named After The Settlement There In 1862 Of Griquas Under Adam Kok, Their Chief Centre Being ...
Grisaille
Grisaille Is The Name Given To The Preliminary Under Painting Of The Subject Of A Picture, Executed In A Monochrome Of Grey Or Brown, Previous To The Application Of Colour. It Is, In Effect, A Kind Of Brush Drawing In Thin Oil-paint, Usually Highly Finished, To Which The Colour Scheme ...
Griselda
Griselda, A Heroine Of Romance. She Is Said To Have Been The Wife Of Walter, Marquis Of Saluces Or Saluzzo, In The Iith Cen Tury, And Her Misfortunes Were Considered To Belong To History When They Were Handled By Boccaccio And Petrarch, Although The Probability Is That Boccaccio Borrowed His ...
Grison
Grison (galictis Vittata), A Carnivorous Mammal, Of The Family Mustelidae, Common In Central And South America And It Is About The Size Of A Marten, And Is Bluish Grey Above And Dark Brown Below. The Grison Lives On Small Mammals And Birds, And In Settled Districts Is Destructive To Poultry. ...
Grivet
Grivet, A Monkey, Often Seen In Menageries, Cercopithecus Sabaeus, Of The Guenon Group, Allied To The Green Monkey. It Is Common Throughout Equatorial Africa. The Chin, Whiskers, A Band Across The Forehead, And The Under Parts Are White And The Head And Back Olive-green. ...
Grizzly Bear
Grizzly Bear (ursus Iiorribilis), The Most Dangerous And, On The Average, The Largest Of All Living Bears, Its Only Rival Being The Polar Bear (q.v.). An Inhabitant Of Western North America, This Bear Originally Ranged From Mexico To Alaska And From The Pacific Coast Far Into The Prairies. It Is ...
Groat
Groat, A Name Applied As Early As The 13th Century On The Continent Of Europe To Any Large Or Thick Coin (adapted From The Dutch Groot, Great, Thick; Cf. Ger. Groschen; The Med. Lat. Grosses Gives Ital. Grosso, Fr. Gros. As Names For The Coin) . The Groat Was Almost ...
Grocer
Grocer, Literally One Who Sells By The Gross, A Wholesale Dealer ; In Modern Usage, One Who Deals In General Supplies For The Table And For Domestic Use. The Name, As A General One For Dealers By Wholesale—"engrossers" As Opposed To "regrators," The Retail Dealers—is Found With The Commodity Attached ...
Grodno
Grodno, One Of The Former Lithuanian Governments Of Western Russia, Which, Since The War Of 1914-18, Has Been, As Regards Its Northern Part, In Dispute Between Poland And Lith Uania. The Government Of The Polish Republic Has Occupied Prac Tically The Whole Area And Has Created The New Administrative County ...
Grodno_2
Grodno, A Town Of Poland In The Province Of Bialystok, On The Niemen, 16o M. By Rail N.e. Of Warsaw On The Main Line To Leningrad. Pop. (1921) 34,900, Nearly Two-thirds Jews, A Decline Of Nearly 15,00o From That Of 1910 When It Was The Capital Of A Province Of ...
Groin
Groin, In Architecture, The Edges Formed At The Intersections Of Two Vaults At An Angle To Each Other. If The Vaults Intersect At Right Angles And Are Of The Same Height And Radius, These Intersec Tions Will All Lie On A Vertical Plane At 45° To The Planes Of The ...
Gromatici Or Agrimensores
Gromatici Or Agrimensores, The Name For Land Surveyors Amongst The Romans, From Lat. Groma Or Gruma, A Surveyor's Measuring Appliance. The Art Of Surveying Was Prob Ably At First In The Hands Of The Augurs, Who From Early Times Had Made Use Of Sighting Instruments For Marking Out The Rectangular ...
Groningen
Groningen, The Most Northerly,. Province Of Holland. Bounded South By Drente, West By Friesland And The Lauwers Zee, North And North-east By The North Sea And The Mouth Of The Ems With The Dollart, And On The South-east By The Prussian Province Of Hanover. It Includes The Islands Of Boschplaat ...
Groningen_2
Groningen, A Town Of Holland, Capital Of The Province Of The Same Name, At The Confluence Of The Two Canalized Rivers The Drentsche Aa And The Hunse (which Are Continued To The Lauwers Zee As The Reit Diep), 16 M. N. Of Assen And 33 M. E. Of Leeu Warden ...
Gronovius
Gronovius (the Latinized Form Of Gxonov), Johann Friedrich (1611-1671), German Classical Scholar And Critic, Was Born At Hamburg. In 1643 He Was Appointed Professor Of Rhetoric And History At Deventer, And In 1658 To The Greek Chair At Leyden, Where He Died (see Also Fabretti, Raphael). Besides Editing, With Notes, ...
Groom
Groom, In Modern Usage A Male Servant Attached To The Stables, Whose Duties Are To Attend To The Cleaning, Feeding, Curry Ing, And Care Generally Of Horses. The Earliest Meaning Of The Word Appears To Be That Of A Boy, And In 16th And 17th Century Literature It Frequently Occurs, ...
Groove Toothed Squirrel
Groove-toothed Squirrel, A Large Bornean Squirrel, Rhithrosciurus Macrotis, Representing A Genus By Itself. The Tail Is Large And Fox-like, And The Ears Are Tufted And The Flanks Marked By Black And White Bands. ...
Gros Ventres
Gros Ventres, A Tribe Of North American Indians Of Algonquian Stock. The Name Is Said To Have Reference To The Greediness Of The People, But More Probably Originated From Their Prominent Tattooing. They Are Settled At Fort Belknap Agency, Montana. The Name Has Also Been Given To Other Tribes, E.g., ...
Grosbeak
Grosbeak, A Name Indefinitely Applied To Many Thick Billed Birds. It Is One Of The Names Of The Hawfinch (q.v.) But Is Generally Used In Combination. The Pine-grosbeak (pinicola Enu Cleator) Is A Finch (q.v.) Inhabiting The Conifer Woods Of The New And Old Worlds, Moving Southwards In Large Flocks ...
Gross
Gross. Apart From The Direct Meaning Of The Word (thick, Bulky), And Such Figurative Senses As Coarse, Vulgar Or Flagrant, The Chief Uses Are Whole, Entire, Without Deduction, As Opposed To "net," Or As Applied To That Which Is Sold In Bulk As Opposed To "retail." As A Unit Of ...
Grossenhain
Grossenhain, German Town In The Land Of Saxony, 20 M. N. From Dresden, On The Main Line Of Railway To Berlin. Pop. The Industries Include Manufactures Of Woollen Stuffs, Leather, Glass, Chemicals, Carriages And Machinery. ...
Grosseto
Grosseto, A Town And Episcopal See Of Tuscany, Capital Of The Province Of Grosseto, 90 M. S.s.e. Of Pisa By Rail. Pop. (1931) 13,719 (town), 23,997 (commune). It Is 38 Ft. Above Sea-level. Fortifications Constructed By Francis I. (1574-87) And Ferdinand I. (1587-1609) Form A Hexagonal Enciente With Projecting Bas ...
Grotesque
Grotesque, A Type Of Ornament In Architecture, Painting Or Sculpture, Consisting Of Fanciful Combinations Of Animals And Foliated Forms. The Word Is Also Commonly Applied To Any Whim Sical Design Or Decorative Style. ...
Groton
Groton, A Town Of New London County, Connecticut, On The East Bank Of The Thames River, Opposite New London. It Is Served By The New York, New Haven And Hartford Railroad. The Population Was 9,227 In 192o, And Was 10,77o In 193o By The Federal Census. It Is A Residential ...
Grottaferrata
Grottaferrata, A Village Of Italy, Province Of Rome, 13 M. Southeast From Rome By Electric Tramway, And 2 Z M. South Of Frascati, I,o8o Ft. Above Sea-level, In The Alban Hills. The Name (in Its Latin Form, Crypta Ferrata, I.e., The Crypt With An Iron Grille) Probably Comes From An ...
Ground Bass
Ground Bass, In Music, A Form Of Bass Which Is Repeated Again And Again Unaltered, While The Music Above Is Constantly Varied. The Chaconne (q.v.) And The Passacaglia Are Familiar Forms Of Which This Device Constitutes An Essential Feature. (see Variations.) ...
Ground Beetle
Ground Beetle, The Name For Members Of A Family Of Coleoptera, The Carabidae, Comprising 13,00o Species And Forming The Largest And Most Typical Family Of Adephaga. In Many Carabidae The Hind Wings Are Reduced Or Absent, And The Elytra Fused Together Along The Suture, The Hind Legs Being Adapted For ...
Ground Hog Day
Ground-hog Day (february 2, Candlemas), So Called In The United States Because Of The Fanciful Supposition That The Ground-hog Or Woodchuck (q.v.) Then Emerges From Winter Sleep (see Hibernation) To Observe The Approach Of Spring. If The Ground-hog Sees His Shadow, He Retires To His Burrow For Six Weeks More ...
Ground Ice
Ground-ice, Ice Formed At The Bottom Of Streams While The Temperature Of The Water Is Above Freezing-point. Every Thing Points To Radiation As The Prime Cause Of The Formation Of Ground-ice. It Is Formed Only Under A Clear Sky, Never In Cloudy Weather ; It Is Most Readily Formed On ...
Ground Nut
Ground-nut (apios Tuberosa Or Glycine Apios), A North American Plant Of The Pea Family (leguminosae), Called Also Indian Potato, Native To Moist Low Grounds From New Brunswick To Minnesota And Southward To Florida And Texas. It Is A Twining Perennial, Climbing To A Height Of Several Feet, With Leaves Corn ...
Ground Or Reason
Ground Or Reason Is That Which Is Regarded As Justi Fying A Certain Judgment Or Belief. See Thought, Laws Of And Logic. ...
Ground Pearl
Ground-pearl, The Outer Pearly Coverings Of Encysted Pupae Of Scale Insects (q.v.) Of The Genus Margarodes. They Are Collected And Strung Into Necklaces, Particularly In South Africa And The Bahamas. ...
Ground Rent
Ground Rent. The Accepted Meaning Of Ground Rent Is The Rent At Which Land Is Let For The Purpose Of Improvement By Building, I.e., A Rent Charged In Respect Of The Land Only And Not In Respect Of The Buildings To Be Placed Thereon. It Thus Conveys The Idea Of ...
Groundsel
Groundsel, Senecio Vulgaris, An Annual, Glabrous, Or More Or Less Woolly Plant Of The Family Compositae, Having A Branched Succulent Stem 6 To 15 In. In Height, Pinnatifid Irregularly And Coarsely-toothed Leaves, And Small Cylindrical Heads Of Yellow Tubular Florets Enveloped In An Involucre Of Numerous Narrow Bracts; The Ribbed ...
Group Captain
Group Captain. An Officer's Rank Of The Royal Air Force (great Britain) Introduced On August 27, 1919. A "group" Consists Of A Number Of Air Force Squadrons And Other Ancillary Service Units, The Number Varying With Requirements, And The Officer Commanding This Formation Is The Group Captain. The Rank, However, ...
Group Marriage
Group Marriage, The Marriage Of Several Men With Several Women. It Has Been Found Among Various Peoples Who Practise Polyandry (q.v.)—in Tibet, India And Ceylon. In Many Of These Cases We Are Told That If One Of The Brothers Who Have A Wife In Common Brings A New Wife, He ...
Grouper
Grouper, A Gen^ral Name In America For Certain Sea-bass Of The Genus Epinephelus And Allied Genera. The Commonest Is The Red Grouper (e. Morio) Found In The Atlantic From Virginia To Brazil, A Valuable Food-fish, Grey In Colour, Red About The Snout. E. Adscensionis, Also Known From Africa, Is Another ...
Groups
Groups. In Mathematics One Frequently Encounters Sets Of Operations Having The Property That When Two Operations Are Carried Out In Succession The Result Is One That Could Be Reached By A Single Operation Of The Set. Such A Set Of Operations Is Called A Closed Set, And The Property Of ...
Grouse
Grouse, Applied Particularly To The Bird Lagopus Scoticus, The Red Grouse, The Only Species Of Bird Peculiar To The British Isles, Where It Inhabits The Moors, Feeding On The Heather Shoots. It Is Distinguished From The Closely Allied And Subarctic Willow Grouse, L. Lagopus, By The Fact That It Does ...
Grove City
Grove City, A Borough Of Mercer County, Pa., U.s.a., On Wolf Creek, 65m. N. Of Pittsburgh. It Is Served B; The Bessemer And Lake Erie Railroad. The Population In 192o Was 4,944 Native White) And Was 6,156 In 193o By The Federal Census. It Is A Coal-mining And Dairying Centre, ...
Grove
Grove Does Not Appear In Any Other Teutonic Language, And The New English Dictionary Can Refer It To No Indo-european Root; Skeat Connects It With "grave," To Cut, And Makes The Original Meaning A Glade Cut Through A Wood, A Small Group Of Trees Smaller Than A Wood, Growing Naturally ...
Growth
Growth May Be Defined As Increase In Volume Or In Bulk, And As Such It May Apply To Anything, Alive Or Dead. The Most Important Use Of The Term Is That Which Concerns The Growth Of Living Organisms, Or Organic Growth, For Growth Is One Of The Fundamental Properties Of ...
Groyne
Groyne, A Framed Structure Of Timber Or A Low Wall Of Masonry Or Concrete Run Out Over A Foreshore Into The Sea, In A Direction Approximately At Right Angles To The Coast Line, For The Purpose Of Arresting The Lateral Travel Of Sand And Shingle And Thus Raising The Foreshore ...
Groznyi
Groznyi, A Town Which, Though Situated In The Chechen Autonomous Area Of The R.s.f.s.r., Belongs Administratively To The North Caucasian Area. It Is On The Zunzha River In 43° 2o' N. 42' E., And Is On The Railway From Makach-kala (petrovsk) To Vladikavkaz. Its Population (1926) Was 68,677. The Naphtha ...
Grudziadz
Grudziadz (ger. Graudenz), A Town Of Poland In The Province Of Pomorze, On The Right Bank Of The Vistula Near The Prussian Frontier. Pop. It Was Formerly An Im Portant German Fortress. It Possesses Three Roman Catholic And Two Protestant Churches, And A Synagogue. It Was Founded By The Teutonic ...
Gruiformes
Gruiformes, An Order Of Birds, The Best-known Members Of Which Are The Cranes (q.v.). (see Also Ornithology, Sun-bit Tern, Trumpeter.) ...
Grumentum
Grumentum, An Ancient Town In Lucania, 33 M. S. Of Potentia By Direct Road Through Anxia, And 52 M. By The Via Her Culia, At The Point Of Divergence Of A Road Eastward To Heraclea. It Seems To Have Been Native Lucanian, Not A Greek Settlement. In 215 B.c. The ...
Grun Hans Baldung
Grun. Hans Baldung (c. , Commonly Called Griin, A Well-known German Painter, Was Born At Weyersheim Am Turm Near Strasbourg. His Family Derived From Ground In Swabia. In Griin Purchased The Freedom Of The City Of Strasbourg, And Resided There Till 1512, When He Moved To Frei Burg-im-breisgau. There He ...
Grunberg
Grunberg, A Town In Prussian Silesia, Situated On An Affluent Of The Oder, And On The Railway From Breslau To Stettin Via Kustrin, 36 M. N.w. Of Glogau. Pop. There Are Manufactures Of Cloth, Paper, Machinery, Sugar And Shoddy. The Prosperity Of The Town Depends Chiefly On The Vine Culture, ...
Grunt Or Drum Grunter
Grunter, Grunt Or Drum, Names Applied To Fishes Of The Family Scidenidae, On Account Of The Noise, Of Uncertain Origin, They Emit Under Water. The Best-known Species Is Pogo Nias Chromis Of The Atlantic Coast Of America, From Uruguay Northwards, Which May Reach A Weight Of Loo Lb. This Heavily ...
Gruyere
Gruyere (ger. Greyerz), A District In The South-eastern Portion Of The Swiss Canton Of Fribourg, Famed For Its Cattle And Its Cheese. It Is Composed Of The Middle Reach (from Montbovon To Beyond Bulle) Of The Sarine Or Saane Valley, With Its Tributary Glens Of The Hongrin, The Jogne And ...
Gstaad
Gstaad (3,450 Ft.), A Health Resort And Centre For Winter Sports In The Canton Of Berne, Switzerland, On The Upper Saane. It Has A Station On The Railway Montreux—bernese Oberland. It Is The Starting Point Of The Route Over The Col-de-pillon To Dia Blerets. Gstaad Belongs To The Commune Of ...
Guadalajara
Guadalajara, A Province Of Central Spain, Formed In 1833 Of Districts From New Castile; Bounded North By Segovia, Soria And Saragossa, East By Saragossa And Teruel, South By Cuenca And West By Madrid. The Estimated Population (dec. 31, 193o) Was 203,998. Area 4,676 Sq. Miles. The Province Forms Part Of ...
Guadalajara_2
Guadalajara, The Capital Of The Spanish Province Of Guadalajara, On The Left Bank Of The River Henares, And On The Madrid-saragossa Railway, 35 M. E.n.e. Of Madrid. Pop. (193o) 16,053. Guadalajara Is A Picturesque Town, Occupying A Some What Sterile Plain, 2,100 Ft. Above The Sea. Under Roman And Visigothic ...
Guadalajara_3
Guadalajara, An Inland City Of Mexico And Capital Of The State Of Jalisco, 275m. (direct) W.n.w. Of The Federal Capital, In Lat. 41' Io" N., Long. 21' 15" W. Pop. (191o) 123,506; (193o) 184,826. Guadalajara Is Served By The Mexican Central Railway And The Southern Pacific Of Mexico Running From ...