GROZNYI, a town which, though situated in the Chechen autonomous area of the R.S.F.S.R., belongs administratively to the North Caucasian Area. It is on the Zunzha river in 43° 2o' N. 42' E., and is on the railway from Makach-Kala (Petrovsk) to Vladikavkaz. Its population (1926) was 68,677. The naphtha area to the north-west of the town began to be exploited in 1893 and another area to the south-east in 1913 ; the production in 1926-7 reached 21 million tons, a higher total than in pre-war times. It has a much higher percentage of natural oil fountains than the Baku region, especially in the new area. In 1924-5, 6o% was obtained from natural fountains, and in 1926-7, 7o%. Its oil differs in quality from that of Baku giving less kerosene and more paraffin. It has naphtha and paraffin refineries and electric sawmills. A pipe line to Tuapse has been constructed and will cheapen the cost of export, and another to Poti is being planned. The new plant erected in Groznyi and in Tuapse has considerably increased production. Groznyi and Makach-Kala are also con nected by pipe, and there are refineries in Makach-Kala. The administrative offices for the Chechen (Checheno-Ingushsk) Autonomous Area are situated in Groznyi, and a training college for Chechen teachers was recently established in the town.