GUADALAJARA, a province of central Spain, formed in 1833 of districts from New Castile; bounded north by Segovia, Soria and Saragossa, east by Saragossa and Teruel, south by Cuenca and west by Madrid. The estimated population (Dec. 31, 193o) was 203,998. Area 4,676 sq. miles. The province forms part of the uptilted north-eastern edge of the Meseta, and conse quently the high ground is in the north, while the southern section of the province slopes into the plateau basin of New Castile. The northern highlands reach almost 7,00o ft. in places, as in La Cebollera (6,955 ft.) and Ocejon (6,775 ft.) in the Guadarrama mountains. The Sierra de Albarracin form an important group on the extreme south-east of the province. The ways through the northern mountains are few, the main pass being over the Sierra Ministra, which carries the railway from Madrid to Calatayud and the north, The southern section, composing part of the Tagus basin, is watered by its tributaries, the Tajuna, Henares, Jarama and Gallo. The climate of this area, as of Castile, is continental in type, marked by the severity of its winter cold and summer sun. The soil varies very much in quality from place to place, but is fertile in many regions, notably in the cornlands of Alcarria towards the south. Few of the cork and oak forests which for merly covered the mountains have escaped destruction, and the higher lands are mainly pasture for sheep and goats. Grain, olive oil, wine, saffron, silk and flax are produced, but agriculture naturally suffers in this difficult country. Common salt and silver are mined, while deposits of iron, lead and gold were worked by the Romans. The manufacture of coarse cloth and pottery are a typical feature of the towns and villages. The Madrid-Saragossa railway traverses the province for 7o m., but the roads are nat urally difficult. Guadalajara (q.v.) is the capital, and the only town of any considerable size. Molina de Aragon, a fortified town built at the foot of the Parameras de Molina (2,5oo-3,500 ft.), and on the right bank of the Gallo, is of some importance as an agricultural centre. Siguenza, on the railway, is an episcopal city, with a fine Romanesque cathedral dating from the IIth cen tury. It is probably the ancient Segontia, founded in 218 B.C., by refugees from Saguntum. Statistics of the Spanish Govern ment reveal that the population of the province numbers only 44 to the square mile, but has risen somewhat since 1900, when the figure was 200,186 ; this, however, was a decrease on the 1887 figure, viz., 205,040. Poverty in the past has caused much emigration.