GUADALAJARA, an inland city of Mexico and capital of the State of Jalisco, 275m. (direct) W.N.W. of the Federal capital, in lat. 41' Io" N., long. 21' 15" W. Pop. (191o) 123,506; (193o) 184,826. Guadalajara is served by the Mexican Central railway and the Southern Pacific of Mexico running from Nogales on the American border. The city is in the Antemarac valley near the Rio Grande de Santiago, 5,o92ft. above sea-level. Its climate is dry, mild and healthy, though subject to sudden changes. The city is well built, with straight and well-paved streets, numerous plazas, public gardens and shady promenades. Its public services include tramways and electric lighting, the Juanacatlan falls of the Rio Grande near the city furnishing the electric power. Guadalajara is an episcopal see, and its cathedral, built between 1571 and 1618, is one of the largest and most elab orately decorated churches in Mexico. The Government palace, which, like the cathedral, faces upon the plaza mayor, is generally considered one of the finest specimens of Spanish architecture in Mexico. Other institutions are the university, the mint, built in i8ii, the modern national college and high schools, a public library of over 28,00o volumes, an episcopal seminary, an academy of fine arts, the Teatro Degollado, and the large modern granite build ing of the penitentiary. There are many interesting churches and I I conventual establishments in the city. Charitable institutions of a high character are also prominent, among which are the Hos picio, which includes an asylum for the aged, infirm, blind, deaf and dumb, foundlings and orphans. The city has a good water supply, derived from springs and brought in through an aqueduct 8m. long. Guadalajara is surrounded by a fertile agricultural dis trict and is an important commercial town. It is also widely known for the artistic pottery manufactured by the Indians of the city and of its suburb, San Pedro. Among other prominent industries are the manufacture of cotton and woollen goods, leather, furniture, hats and sweetmeats. Guadalajara was founded in 1531 by Nuno de Guzman, and became the seat of a bishop in The Calderon bridge near the city was the scene of a seri ous defeat of the revolutionists under Hidalgo in Jan. 1811. The severe earthquake of May 31, 1818, partially destroyed the two cathedral steeples; and that of March II, 1875, damaged many of the larger buildings.