HADDINGTON, royal, municipal and police burgh, parish and county town, East Lothian, Scotland. Pop. (1931) It is situated on the Tyne, 18 m. E. of Edinburgh by the L.N.E.R. On the right bank of the river lies the old suburb of Nungate, in teresting as having contained the Giffordgate, where John Knox was born, and where also are the ruins of the pre-Reformation chapel of St. Martin. St. Mary's church is a 13th century cruci form Decorated building in red sandstone. The nave, restored in 1892, is used as the parish church, but the choir and transepts are roofless, though otherwise kept in repair. In a vault is a fine monument in alabaster, consisting of the recumbent figures of John, Lord Maitland of Thirlestane chancellor of Scotland, and his wife, with a laudatory sonnet by James VI. In the same vault John, duke of Lauderdale (1616-82), is buried. In the choir is the tombstone which Carlyle erected over the grave of his wife, Jane Baillie Welsh (18o1-1866), a native of the town. Before the county buildings, in Tudor style, stands a monument to George, 8th marquess of Tweeddale (1787-1876), who once drove the mail from London to Haddington without taking rest. The corn exchange, next to that of Edinburgh, is the largest in Scot land. The Knox Memorial Institute was erected in 1879 to replace the old and famous grammar school, where John Knox, William Dunbar, John Major and possibly George Buchanan and Sir David Lindsay were educated. In Hardgate Street is "Bothwell Castle," the town house of the earl of Bothwell, where Mary Queen of Scots rested on her way to Dunbar. The leading industries are the manufactures of woollens, brewing, corn milling, iron found ing and coach-building.
The burgh is the retail centre for a large district, and its grain markets, once the largest in Scotland, are still of considerable im portance. Haddington was created a royal burgh by David I. It also received charters from Robert Bruce, Robert II. and James VI. In 1139 it was given as a dowry to Ada, daughter of William de Warenne, earl of Surrey, on her marriage to Prince Henry, only son of David I. Alexander II. was born there in 1198. Lying in the direct road of the English invaders, the town was burned by King John in and by Henry III. in 1244. Fortified in 1548 by Lord Grey of Wilton, the English commander, it was besieged next year by the Scots and French, who forced the gar rison to withdraw.